Test 5/5/23 Flashcards
What position was Lee offered by Lincoln and did he accept or reject it? What happened after.
-he was offered to command the federal forces
-rejected it
-felt as though he could not fight against his own people
By Lincoln’s inaugaration, how many states had left the Union?
7
Who was the president of the Confederates?
-Jefferson Davis
Fort Sumter
-first engagement of the war
-wasn’t really considered a battle
-Lincoln got message from Anderson that Confederates threatened attack if he didn’t surrender
-after Fort Sumter, 4 more states left the Union, bringing the total to 11
How did Lincoln handle Fort Sumter?
-Didn’t want to start fight
-Didn’t want to treat the
Confederates as a legitimate
force
-Decided to send in “food for
hungry men”, forcing Jefferson Davis to make the first move
What was the effect of Lincoln’s decision at Fort Sumter?
-started the war
Name the 4 Border States.
- Maryland
- Missouri
- Kentucky
- Delaware
On which side did people in the border states side with?
-people fought on both sides
What were the advantages of the North from a war perspective? Weakness?
-military strength
-industry
-population
-government
-food production
-railroad system
Had to conquer the South to win
What were the advantages of the South from a war perspective? Weakness?
-King Cotton
-great generals
-strong military tradition
-motivated soldiers
No Central Government
What was the 3-step “Anaconda Plan” strategy of the North?
- Blockade Southern ports so they couldn’t trade
- Split south by sailing down Mississippi
- Capture Richmond
What were the 3-points of strategy of the South?
- Mostly a defensive plan
- Invade and attack the North if the opportunity arose
- “Cotton Diplomacy” (use cotton to get support from other nations)
Early on, who was winning in the East and who was winning in the West?
-east-confederates
-west-union
Battle of Bull Run
-1st Battle of the war
-Confederate victory
-boosts confederate morale
-highlighted the inexperience of the troops on both sides
-Union/North realizes it will be a long war, not an easy victory
What were the upsides to Ironclad ships? What was their effect?
-could withstand cannon fire
-resist burning
-splinter wooden ships
-Future of naval warfare
Battle of Shiloh
-Grant was attacked
-identified the need for trenches, scouts and fortifications
Who took over New Orleans?
-the Union
Antietam
-bloodiest single day battle in US history
-1st attempt of the Confederates to invade the Union
-Lincoln fires McClellan after
How was warfare stayed the same but also changed at this point?
same- tactics from the Mexican War
change- shift in technology of weaponry
Emancipation Proclamation
-issued as a way to undermine the South
-did not immediately free slaves
-only frees slaves in states that the Union takes over
-allows black soldiers to enlist and free slaves to fight
-military action aimed at rebellion
-Northern democrats don’t support
-Confederates outraged
How were black soldiers discriminated against?
-lower pay
-worst jobs
-segregated units
What is Juneteenth?
-when the news of the emancipation of slaves reached Texas
What was life like for soldiers during the civil war?
-disease
-unsanitary
-infections
-boring
-lack of proper food and clothing
-insufficent weapons/protection
-drafted/forced to fight
Prison Camps
North’s worst prison camp-Elmira
South’s worst prison camp- Andersonville
What role did women play?
-Took over farms, worked in jobs left by men
-Helped war effort in many support roles, some fought in disguise
-Formed societies to support army
-Worked in government jobs as clerks
-Clara Barton – nurse who later founded American Red Cross
What was the age-range for men who fought?
17-50
Why was the draft the seeds of resentment?
-some people could buy their way out of the draft
-there was no draft in the western states
-draft riots in NY (Irish immigrants protested, mobs attacked people & burned buildings-100 died)
What constitutional right did Lincoln suspend?
-habeas corpus (the right to know why you have been imprisoned)
-Southern sympathizers arrested and held w/out trial
-Supreme court found him guilty of violating a constitutional right but he didn’t care
What Lincoln’s goal during his presidency?
-to keep the country together
Trent Affair
–2 Confederates boarded a British ship
-Cpt. Wilkes stopped ship and seized them
-British upset, threatened to send troops to Canada
-Lincoln released them, said Wilkes acted alone
-No foreign country aided the Confederacy or recognized them as a nation, but Britain and France recognized their “belligerent” status.
What kind of people mostly made up the Confederate Raiders?
-British
What roles did natives play in the war?
-fought on both sides
-got nothing out of their efforts
-aided in the battle of Pea Ridge
Chancellorsville
-Confederate victory
-the win convinces Lee to invade the North
Gettysberg
-turning point of the war!
-deadliest battle
-2nd confederate attempt to invade the North
-Union won
-South never invaded again, they never came back
Gettysburg Address
-remade America
Vicksburg
-Union victory
-gave Union control of Mississippi River
-divided South
Total War
-take war to civilians
-off battle field
-destroyed towns
-wanted to inflict all damage possible
In what state were there a lot of battles?
VA
Why was Grant criticized and what did he promise Lincoln?
-criticized for all the deaths he caused
-called a ‘butcher”
-promised Lincoln “there will be no turning back”
Sherman’s March
-When Lincoln moved Grant to East, he appointed Sherman to lead western army
-Burned Atlanta, created path of destruction through GA & SC (burned houses, killed livestock)
-Reached NC – stopped destruction & began handing out food.
-
Who won the election of 1864?
-Lincoln
-end of the war was in sight
Who surrendered at Appomattox?
-Grant
What new amendment was passed?
-13th amendment banned slavery
How was the South’s economy affected?
-South’s economy devastated
-economy of North boomed
Great Migration
-blacks and whites moved west
