Test 5

Question 1

How do dreams fit with Rank’s position regarding myths?

Answer 1

Rank notes is based on pioneering work by Sigmund Freud, dreams are the everyday indications of the reality of a mechanism common to all human beings.

Question 2

What does Jung believe to be the function of the unconscious?

Answer 2

Jung felt that the unconscious contained not only the feelings of the individual but also the results of the collective experience of humankind.
Jung would say that in addition to these “innate” (inborn) abilities, a human being is also born with the potential to form archetypal images and express them in dreams and myths.

Question 3

What is the connection between R.E.M. sleep and dreams?

Answer 3

Dreams arise during REM sleep. It is believed to be important for development, therefore making dreams important it may help us to sort and process our memories, or that it may produce a synthesis of the attitudes and strategies we use to cope with the events of daily life.

Question 4

Anima

Answer 4

The anima is a personification of all feminine psychological tendencies in a man’s psyche

Question 5

animus

Answer 5

The male personification of the unconscious in woman

Question 6

archetype/ motif

Answer 6

The archetype is a tendency to form mythological patterns or motifs. These archetypes were characterized by typical figures common to psychic activity in every culture through history.
motif— representations that can vary a great deal in detail without losing their basic pattern.

Question 7

shadow

Answer 7

the unknown or little-known attributes and qualities of the ego. When an individual makes an attempt to see his shadow, he becomes aware of (and often ashamed of) those qualities and impulses he denies in himself but can plainly see in other people

Question 8

Self

Answer 8

the innermost nucleus of the psyche.

Question 9

What is the collective unconscious?

Answer 9

a person is not born with stories but with the ability to develop them. Jung calls this ability the “collective unconscious” and explains that it is collective because it is something we all have in common, something that makes us human beings.

Question 10

What purpose does the collective unconscious serve?

Answer 10

we are able to share in a universal, enduring community, which is both reassuring and necessary for a fulfilled psychic life.

Question 11

What are Jung’s views regarding dreams?

Answer 11

The dreams of a person can often provide insight into the unconscious or archetypical forces operating in his psyche. the dreams of a person are not about what they seem to be about. Rather, the figures and events of these dreams must be understood as manifestations of unconscious aspects of the person’s personality

Question 12

Why are motifs important in the study of archetypes?

Question 13

What does Jung stress as being vital to our understanding? Why?

Answer 13

“Imagination and intuition are vital to our understanding” Jung, argues that our humanity is at least as much dependent on those functions that are not associated with logic. They are also essential to learning and knowing.

Question 14

What is the process of individuation?

Answer 14

In the psychic life of the individual, the archetypes interact in a pattern that both reflects and fosters the development of the personality.

1. shadow
2. anima/ animus
3. self

Question 15

How can the negative/positive influences of the mother affect a man’s anima?

Answer 15

If he feels that his mother had a negative influence on him, his anima will often express itself in irritable, depressed moods, uncertainty, insecurity, and touchiness.
His mother has been positive, this can also affect his anima in typical but different ways, with the result that he either becomes effeminate or is preyed upon by women and thus is unable to cope with the hardships of life.

Question 16

What are examples of the four stages of the development of the anima?

Answer 16

1. Purely instinctual and biological - Eve
2. Romantic and aesthetic - Faust’s Helen
3. Spiritual—Virgin Mary
4. Pure wisdom—Sapientia

Question 17

What are examples of the negative animus in women?

Answer 17

The negative animus does not appear only as a death-demon. In myths and fairy tales he plays the role of robber and murderer.

Question 18

What are examples of the four stages of the development of the animus?

Answer 18

1. Wholly physical man—Tarzan
2. Romantic man or “man of action”—Indiana Jones
3. Orator or bearer of the “word”—Ronald Reagan or John F. Kennedy
4. Wise guide to spiritual truth—Mahatma Gandhi

Question 19

What is the Cosmic Man?

Answer 19

A figure who embodies the wisdom of the universe.

Question 20

According to Jung, what – if any – relation ship exists between myth and dreams?

Answer 20

Jungian analysis is based on the idea that myths and dreams are related. According to Jungian theory, storytellers create their narratives out of the elements they encounter in their own psychic development, fashioning them out of archetypal images to represent the individual’s progress in the process of individuation

Question 21

What are the five steps to performing a Jungian analysis?

Answer 21

1: Determine Whose Dream It Is
2: Assign the Archetypes
3: Break the Story into Parts, Stages, or Episodes
4: Characterize the Events or Episodes in the Story
5: Retell the Story in Terms of the Jungian Archetypes

Question 22

Why does Bruno Bettelheim suggest that identifying with a specific character help a child
cope with the difficulties of growing up? How?

Answer 22

The child may, at different stages in his or her development, relate to different characters and problems in the same story. Naturally enough, this happens more with some stories than others. It too represents a point of view that the child may relate to, recognizing some of his feelings about himself in the character who has to move from a lower animal form to a higher state of being.

Question 23

What role do archetypal images play in a Jungian analysis?

Answer 23

During the course of individuation, as Jung demonstrated, a person deals with various unconscious forces that appear in dreams and can be identified with the characters of fairy tales. Thus, these characters can be treated as if they represented “the psychic potencies and personal tendencies”

Question 24

What are the archetypal images?

Answer 24

The psychic forces, or archetypes, that we can look for in fairy tales are called the shadow, anima or animus, and Self.

Question 25

What are their characteristics?

Answer 25

shadow—Represents the frightening or hidden aspects of the person.
anima—Belongs only to a man, but is the figure of a woman.
animus—Belongs only to a woman but is the figure of a man.

Question 26

What are the various ways the Self might be represented?

Answer 26

The Self is a same-sex figure representing the totality or inner part of the person. It appears as a helpful animal, a wise old man or woman, or a royal couple, and it can be represented by a rock, a crystal, a jewel, or a mirror.

Question 27

What is the usual order of archetypes in the process of individuation?

Answer 27

Shadow → Animus or Anima → Self

Question 28

What are examples offered in the text of a negative anima figure? A positive one?

Answer 28

A boy or a grown man has an opposite-sex figure called the anima. If she is a positive anima, she can lead him to the next stage of growth and development, but if she is destructive, a “femme fatale,” she can lead him to destroy himself.

Question 29

What are examples offered in the text of a negative animus figure? A positive one?

Answer 29

leads her “to the next level,” which can mean fulfillment and satisfaction if it is a positive animus figure, or death and destruction if it is a negative animus figure.

Question 30

Which characters become which archetypes when, in an analysis of the Wizard of Oz, Dorothy is the “dreamer”?

Answer 30

The Wicked Witch of the West is a shadow figure, Dorothy meets some Self fi gures, she is not interacting with them successfully until she defeats the Wicked Witch of the West. After this, she will be ready to have Glinda appear to her and tell her that she has always had the power to use the ruby slippers to get home.

Question 31

What about if the Scarecrow is the “dreamer”?

Answer 31

consider the Wizard as the shadow figure, and there would be a variety of anima figures, including Dorothy, as well as Glinda and the Wicked Witch. Self figures present in the story are the Tin Woodsman who is made of metal and the Cowardly Lion who proves to be a helpful animal: two forms that Jung notes are often taken by the Self.