Test 4_GW&Ozone

Question 1

How long have the glacial periods lasted?

Answer 1

100,000 years

Question 2

How long have the interglacial periods lasted?

Answer 2

10,000 - 12,000 years

Question 3

What type climatic period are we in now?

Answer 3

Warmer interglacial

Question 4

What are the two major greenhouse gases?

Answer 4

Water and carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Who first described the greenhouse effect?

Answer 5

Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1896.

Question 6

What are some minor greenhouse gases?

Answer 6

methane, nitrous and sulfer oxides, CFC’s HFC’s (These halons can have up to 12,000 times the effect of CO2)

Question 7

What has been the average concentration of carbon dioxide over the past 160,000 years?

Answer 7

2.5ppm now over 3.85ppm

Question 8

Is there a correlation between average atmospheric CO2 and climate? If so what is the correlation?

Answer 8

yes,direct

Question 9

What three greenhouse gases have shown major increase since the 1800s?

Answer 9

CO2, Methane, N2O

Question 10

Where did this increase in CO2, C4H4, and N2O come from?

Answer 10

Fossil fuels, deforestation/burning, rice paddies and use of inorganic fertilizers.

Question 11

What country produces the bulk of greenhouse gases?

Answer 11

Australia – this is per capita . US and then China and then the European union are the biggest overall prducers.

Question 12

What evidence of global warming is there?

Answer 12

Ice caps and glaciers melting, warm climate organisms moving northward (we didn’t use to have road runners and cattle egrets in central Arkansas but now do), sea level rising, coral reef bleaching

Question 13

What effects might continual global warming have?

Answer 13

Flood coastal cities, flood islands, shift agriculture farther toward the poles, cause the extinction of species, destroy coral reefs

Question 14

What are the possible ways to decrease or eliminate man caused global warming?

Answer 14

Cut down on CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions

Question 15

What is the IPCC?

Answer 15

Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change

Question 16

Why do the CEOs of the largest 1000 world corporations believe that global warming is the most critical problem facing humanity?

Answer 16

because it affects the whole world.

Question 17

What did the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio do re global warming?

Answer 17

106 nations approved a Convention on Climate Change agreed to do something about CO2 emissions.

Question 18

What is the gist of the161 nation 1997 Kyoto Protocol?

Answer 18

Require 38 developed nations to cut 1990 CO2 emissions by 5.2% by 2012 178 nations have signed on.

Question 19

Why is the US one of the few nations who haven’t ratified the treaty?

Answer 19

Bush (2001) thought would hurt our economy and LDC not required to follow guidlines.

Question 20

What layer of the atmosphere contains the bulk of the ozone?

Answer 20

Lowest part of Stratosphere

Question 21

What does that layer protect life on earth from?

Answer 21

uV

Question 22

Where does the major seasonal thinning of this layer occur?

Answer 22

over poles

Question 23

Where is there not a measurable seasonable thinning of this layer?

Answer 23

tropics

Question 24

What class of chemicals are the primary culprits in the thinning of that layer?

Answer 24

CFC’s

Question 25

What are/were CFCs used for?

Answer 25

coolants in AC’s and refrigerators (freons), propellants in aeresol spray cans, cleaners for electrical parts, hospital sterilants, fumigants for granaries, bubbles in plastic foam.

Question 26

How many years did it take for Dupont et al to agree with the scientific findings viz a vie CFCs/thinning?

Answer 26

15 years

Question 27

What are ODCs and what are some examples besides CFCs?

Answer 27

Ozone depleting compounds, halons , methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride

Question 28

When does Ozone thinning take place?

Answer 28

Spring and early summer

Question 29

Why should we be concerned about ozone thinning?

Answer 29

Leads to increased cancer risk, cataracts

Question 30

What time lag is there between UV exposure and the development of skin cancer?

Answer 30

15-40 years

Question 31

How many sunburns does it take to double your chance of getting these cancers?

Answer 31

1

Question 32

What kind of skin cancer is the most deadly? Why?

Answer 32

Melanoma, because is is more apt to metastasize (spread to other parts of the body)

Question 33

What connection is there between ozone thinning and global warming?

Answer 33

Offsets 30%