Test Flashcards
Subjective perspective of the individual becomes important
Personal- Construct theory
Personalities the result of prior conditioning
Behaviorist theory
Naturally developing toward wholeness
Humanistic theory
A given stimuli produces a given response
Conditioning in which the experimenter produces the subjects response whenever desired by presenting an unconditional stimulus to form a new association between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response
Classical conditioning
Any stimulus that follows a response and Increases the probability of its occurrence.
Conditioning in which the experiment takes a response that the subject already has and strengthens it by reinforcing every time it occurs
Operant conditioning
Who is the credit for the development for classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Banishment of memories
Repression
Attribute one wishes to another
Projection
Isolate emotions from conscious awareness
Isolation
Use of intellectual thing to avoid unconscious conflicts
Intectualization
Justify unacceptable attitude
Rationalization
Adopting feelings contrary to real feelings (smoke screen)
Reaction formation
Transfer emotions from one object to another
Displacement
Model your values after another
Identification
Retreat to actions of early childhood
Regression
To remain at a certain level of emotional development
Fixation
To carry out an unconscious act to negate a previous mistake
Undoing
Striving to make up for inferiority feelings overcompensate
Compensation
In socially unacceptable says
Overcompensation
Accepting unacceptable drives
Sublimation
Deceive self about true desires
Substitution
Store attitudes in separate departments of brain
Compartmentalization
Deny the existence of something disturbing
Denial
Is a condition in which below normal general intellectual functioning begins before age 18 and is associated with impairment in adaptive behavior
Mental retardation
How did ancient writers view it?
Natural phenomenon, manifestation of demonic forces
True or false- Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause mental retardation
True
What are some Psychosocial factors that are believed to cause mental retardation
Lack of love and intellectual stimulation, malnutrition, physical abuse, and social isolation in early life
6 stages that parents go through of a retarded child
- Awareness of some kind of problem
- Denial of retardation
- Parents recognize their child’s retardation
- Search for a cause
- Search for a cure
- Acceptance
Credit for development of classical conditioning theory
Ivan P. Pavlov
An American psychologist, began a study in which the experimenter takes a present response a reinforces it every time it occurs known as conditioning
John Watson
Who proposed that much of behavior has been learned by observing models; this we call observational learning
Bandura
A well known behavioral psychologist in America, based his work on the principles of operant conditioning.
B.F. Skinner
Famous for his studies on learned helplessness
Seligman
Counterconditioning which associates an undesirable state with an unwanted behavior
Aversive conditioning
Process by which a series of conditioned stimuli serves as a substitute for other originally conditioned stimuli
Higher order conditioning
Process in which behavior in response to a given stimulus can be prompted by a similar stimulus
Generalization
Stimulus which sets the stage or provides the occasion for an organism to emit a voluntary operant response
Discriminating stimulus
The elimination of a reinforcement so that a given behavior will decrease
Extinction
Personality linked to physical
Trait theory
Current evidence suggest that intellectual ability results from and interaction between heredity and environment, with heredity setting the _ and environment determining the exact_ reached.
Limits
Levels
