Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IST-190 > Test 4 Unit 11-14 > Flashcards

Test 4 Unit 11-14 Flashcards

1
Q

Define systemd-journald and rsyslog. How are they related to each other?

A

Journald collects messages from -the kernel, early stages of the boot process, standard output and error of daemaons as they start up and run, syslog, does not persist between reboots. Rsyslog sorts messages by type and priority, and writes them to persistent files in the /var/log directory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the purpose of each log
a. /var/log/messages
b. /var/log/secure

A

a. most syslog messages are logged here
b. syslog messages related to security and authentication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define the purpose of each log
c. var/log/maillog
d. /var/log/cron
e. /var/log/boot.log

A

c. syslog related to mail server
d. syslog related to schedules job execution
e. Non-syslog console messages related to system startup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the absolute path to the rsyslogd configuration file?

A

/etc/rsyslog.conf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List in order and define the eight levels of priority/severity in the rsyslog system.

A
  1. emerg- system is unusable
  2. Alert- Action must be taken immediately
  3. Crit- Critical condition
  4. ErrNon- critical error condition
  5. Warning- Warning condition
  6. Notice- Normal but significant event
  7. Info- Informational event
  8. Debug- Debugging-level message
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Write the line that would need to be added to the rsyslog.conf file that would capture all of the log messages for the local4 facility in the /var/log/chapter10.log file.

A

/etc/rsyslog.d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long are log files saved on a RHEL8 server by default?

A

4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What program controls the rotation of RHEL8 logs? How often are logs rotated by default?

A

The logrotate utility controls rhel8 logs. They are rotated after four weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the four things that are included in each rsyslog entry

A

The time stamp it was recorded, host from which message sent, program or process name and PID number that sent the message, the actual message sent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the tail –f /var/log/maillog.log do?

A

Outputs new lines as they get written to the monitored file.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the logger command do?

A

Sends messages to the rsysog service, default the factility is user and the severity is notice (user.notice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe what the journalctl command does. How is journalctl different that rsyslog?

A

Used to view all messages in the journal, or to search specific events, if you run the command as root, you have full access to the journal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why would an administrator need to configure NTP?

A

To correct the synchronized system time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the command timedatectl do?

A

Shows an overview of the current time-related system settings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the Linux time zone that Greenville Tech is located in?

A

America/New_York

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the command to change the default time zone on a RHEL8/CentOS8 server?

A

Timedatectl set-timezone (timezone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the absolute name of the file to configure the NTP server in RHEL8?

A

/etc/cohrony.conf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the command on a RHEL8/CentOS8 server to see the verbose output of the NTP server time sources?

A

Timedatectl set-ntp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain the four-layer TCP/IP model covered in Unit 12.

A

Application- specifies communication so that clients and servers may communicate across platforms. Transport-TCP and UDP, tcp is a reliable connection-oriented communication, while UDP is a connectionless datagram protocol. The service port 80 and the IP address forms a socket. Internet- carries data from the source host to the destination host. Each host has an ip address and a prefix used to determine network addresses. Routers are used to connect networks. Link- provides the connection to physical media.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain the difference in an IPv4 host address and an IPv4 network address. How are the two addresses determined in a 32-bit number?

A

the network park identifies the subnet, host part identifies a particular host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a broadcast address?

A

The highest possible address on a subnet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of the routing table on a Linux server?

A

It shows where the different subnets will be routed to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain the difference in automatic IP configuration of a Linux client (DHCP) as compared to static IP configuration

A

Automatic IP configuration occurs with DHCP by rewriting the /etc/resolv.conf file. Static IP configuration is selected at will, and are stored in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* configuration file.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the purpose of the gateway in IP configuration?

A

This allows multiple sets of values to be assigned to the interface. The gateway has a number at the end in the static setting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Explain how Linux uses network interfaces as compared to network devices.

A

Linux uses network interfaces as a layer to provide connections to physical media. This allows the physical device to have a MAC address, or hardware address.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How are network interfaces defined in Linux?

A

They are defined as a link or as media access.

27
Q

What is the command to lookup the IP configuration on a RHEL8 server? (There are actually at least two ways to do this…do you know both commands?

A

nmcli and ip link

28
Q

Assume that you are having trouble accessing the routes outside your LAN. What is the RHEL8 command to troubleshoot routes?

A

The ss command

29
Q

When using the tracepath command, what do each of the lines in the output tell us?

A

Each line represents a router or hop that the packet passes through between the source and the final destination.

30
Q

What does the Linux command ss do? How does ss compare to netstat?

A

It is used to display socket statistics. Netstat is older and is not always installed

31
Q

What is NetworkManager in RHEL8?

A

Can regulate whether connections are static or active (not persistent)

32
Q

What does the Linux command nmcli do?

A

It is used to create and edit connection files from the command line.

33
Q

As demonstrated in Unit 12, what is the RHEL8 command to change the IP address of eth0 to 192.168.0.190/24?

A

Nmcli con mod eth0

34
Q

What is the absolute reference to RHEL8 file that contains the configuration for eth1?

A

The second network port detected by the operating system

35
Q

What do these interface settings do: bootproto, onboot, and name?

A

Bootproto deals with configuration setttings. Onboot automatically activates something at boot. Name is the name of the connection.

36
Q

What do these interface settings do: bootproto, onboot, and name?

A

Bootproto deals with configuration setttings. Onboot automatically activates something at boot. Name is the name of the connection.

37
Q

Define the following RHEL8 commands or files?
a. hostname
b. hostnamectl

A

a. displays the name of the host
b. used to modify /etc/hostname file and can also be used to view the status of the system’s fully qualified host name.

38
Q

Define the following RHEL8 commands or files?
c. /etc/hosts
d. /etc/resolv.conf
e. /etc/hostname

A

c. Where hosts are located, if none are here the stub resolver looks in /etc/resolv.conf
d. Controls how the stub resolver look for hosts, search: list of domains with a short host name. nameserver: ip address of a nameserver to query
e. Stores the static host name

39
Q

What is tar?

A

Tar can gather large sets of files into a single file (archive). Tar can list the contents of archives or extract their files to the current system

40
Q

What do these tar options do:
a. c
b. f
c. x

A

c also known as create, creates a new archive
f also known as file, shows the file name and must be followed by the file name of the archive to use or create.
x also known as extract, extracts from an existing archive

41
Q

What do these tar options do:
d. V
e. Z
f. j
g. J.

A

V also known as verbose, shows which files get archived or extracted.
Z also known as gzip, uses gzip compression
j also known as bzip2, uses bzip2 compression and achieves a better compression than gzip.
J also known as xz, uses xz compression, achieves a better compression than bzip2.

42
Q

Explain what scp is used for. Why?

A

Scp stands for Secure Copy command, it copies files from a remote system to the local system or from the local system to the remote system. This command uses the SSH server for authentication and encrypts data when it is being transferred.

43
Q

What is sftp? How is sftp different from scp?

A

Sftp is the secure file transfer protocol. This uses the secure authentication mechanism and encrypted data transfer to and from the SSH server.

44
Q

What is rsync and what is it used for?

A

It is a tool used to securely copy files from one system to another. Rsync only needs to copy the differences between the systems.

45
Q

What do these options do when used with the rsync command?
a. -a
b. -v
c. -r
d. -l
e. -p

A

-a archive option, enables archive mode
-v verbose option, provides detailed output
-r recursive, synchronize recursively the whole directory tree
-l links, synchronize symbolic links
-p perms, preserve permissions

46
Q

What do these options do when used with the rsync command?
f. -t
g. -g
h. -o
i. -D

A

f. -t times, preserve time stamps
g. -g group, preserve group ownership
h. -o owner, preserve the owner of the files
i. -D devices, synchronize device file

47
Q

What is the Red Hat Subscription Management?

A

Provides tools used to entitle machines to product subscriptions, allowing admins to get updates to software packages and track information about support contracts and subscriptions used by the systems.

48
Q

Define these four tasks in the Red Hat Subscription Management system:
a. register
b. subscribe
c. enable repositories
d. review and track

A

a. register a system to associate a system to a Red Hat account. Lets the Manager uniquely inventory the system.
b. subscribe a system to entitle it to updates for selected red hat products.
c. enable repositories provides software packages. Multiple repositories are enabled by default with each subscription, other repositories like updates or source code can be enabled or disabled as needed.
d. review and track entitlements that are available or consumed.

49
Q

Write the command (CLI) to register a RHEL8 server with Red Hat Subscription Management.

A

Subscription-manager register –username=username \ –pasword=yourpassword

50
Q

What is a Red Hat Subscription Management entitlement?

A

A subscription that has been attached to a system

51
Q

Define the naming convention syntax for a RPM file.

A

Name- one or more words describing the content
Version- the version number of the original software
Release- the release number of the package based on that version, set by the packager
Arch- the processor architecture the package was compiled to run on.

52
Q

What is yum? What is a RPM package?

A

Yum is designed to be a system for managing RPM-based software installation and updates. An RPM package is a special archive consisting of files installed by the package, information about the package, and scripts that may run when the package is installed.

53
Q

What is a repository in yum?

A

A collection of RPM files

54
Q

Define the following yum commands:
a. yum list
b. yum search
c. yum info
d. yum provides
e. yum update
f. yum install

A

a. yum list displays installed and available packages
b. yum search lists packages by keywords found in the name and summary fields only
c. yum info returns detailed information about a package, including the disk space needed for installation
d. yum provides displays packages that match the path name specified
e. yum update obtains and installs a newer version of the specified package, including any dependencies.
f. yum install obtains and installs a software package, includes any dependencies

55
Q

Define the following yum commands
g. yum remove
h. yum grouplist
i. yum group install
j. yum history
k. yum repolist
l. yum-config-manager

A

g. yum remove removes an installed software package, including any supported packages
h. yum grouplist shows the names of installed and available groups
i. yum group install installs a group that installs its mandatory (must be installed) default (normally installed) packages they depend on
j. yum history displays a summary of install and remove transactions
k. yum repolist all View all available repositories
l. yum-config-manager Creates yum repositories

56
Q

Define the following rpm commands:
a. rpm –q general form of a query, list what version of the package is currently installed
b. rpm -q –p Specifies that you want information about a downloaded package file
c. rpm -q –f Find out what package provides FILENAME
d. rpm -q -l list the files installed by the package

A

a. rpm –q
b. rpm -q –p
c. rpm -q –f
d. rpm -q -l

57
Q

e. rpm -q -c
f. rpm -q –d
g. rpm -q –scripts

A

e. rpm -q -c list the configuration files installed by the package
f. rpm -q –d list the documentation files installed by the package
g. rpm -q –scripts List shell scripts that run before or after the package is installed or removed

58
Q

Briefly explain what Application Streams are in RHEL8.

A

They are multiple versions of user space components shipped with the distribution. They may be updated more frequently than the core operating system packages.

59
Q

Explain RHEL8’s new modularity technology for distributing software updates.

A

It allows a single repository to host multiple versions of an applications package and its dependencies

60
Q

What is a yum module?

A

A set of RPM packages that are a consistent set and belong together

61
Q

What is a yum module profile?

A

A list of certain packages to be installed together for a particular use-case such as for a server, minimal install, or other

62
Q

Define these new yum module commands in RHEL8:
a. yum module list
b. yum module list
c. yum module info

A

a. yum module list Displays a list of all available modules
b. yum module list Lists the module streams for a specified module and retrieves their status
c. yum module info Displays the details of a module

63
Q

Define these new yum module commands
d. yum module
e. yum module

A

d. yum module install Install a module using the default stream and profile
e. yum module reset Resets the module stream

IST-190 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions