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Contrast Media Test #4 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The oldest form of contrast that ionizes in a solution and has an increased risk of reaction.

A

HOCM

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2
Q

Nonionic form of contrast that dissolves in water, but does not dissociate.

A

LOCM

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3
Q

Amount of time contrast should be excreted from the body.

A

2 hours

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4
Q

Name 2 severe s/s of an allergic reaction to iodinated contrast.

A

Laryngeal edema, hypotension, shock, unresponsiveness, convulsions, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, arrhythmia.

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5
Q

A severe hypersensitivity reaction seen with bee stings, latex, and food allergies.

A

anaphylactic shock

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6
Q

A severe hypersensitivity, that may occur after a single exposure, usually to iodinated contrast media.

A

anaphylactoid shock

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7
Q

Name two drugs that should be available to patients experiencing an anaphlactoid reaction.

A

Albuterol, Atropine, Benadryl, Epinephrine, Diazepam, Nitroglycerin

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8
Q

The normal limits of an adult BUN.

A

6-20 mg/dL

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9
Q

Normal limits of an adult creatinine.

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

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10
Q

Inflammation from contrast extravasation reaches its peak within how many hours?

A

24-48

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11
Q

Ductless endocrine glands that secrete epinephrine and cortical hormones.

A

Suprarenal or adrenal glands

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12
Q

Bean shaped organ divided into upper and lower poles.

A

kidney

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13
Q

This kidney is slightly longer and narrower than the other.

A

left

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14
Q

This kidney is slightly lower than the other

A

right

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15
Q

Outer covering of the kidneys, continuous with the outer coat of the ureter

A

renal capsule

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16
Q

Located on the medial border of the kidneys to allow the transmission of the blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and the ureter.

A

hilum

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17
Q

Outer portion of the kidney

A

renal cortex

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18
Q

Inner portion of the kidney, containing 8-15 renal pyramids

A

renal medulla

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19
Q

Functioning cell of the kidneys

A

nephron

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20
Q

Formed by a minute branch of the renal artery that divides into capillaries and reunites

A

glomerulus

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21
Q

Vessel entering the Bowman’s Capsule

A

afferent arteriole

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22
Q

Vessel leaving the Glomerular Capsule

A

efferent arteriole

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23
Q

Portions of the renal tubule.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, & distal convoluted tubule

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24
Q

Functions of the kidneys.

A

Filter blood, maintain electrolyte balance, & produce renin (regulates BP)

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25
Q

Cup shaped stems that enclose one or more renal papilla

A

calyces

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26
Q

Located between the minor calyces and the renal pelvis

A

major calyces

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27
Q

Renal pelvis transitions to ureter at this location.

A

Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

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28
Q

Conveys urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

ureter

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29
Q

Reservoir for urine

A

bladder

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30
Q

Triangular area of the bladder base between openings of the UVJ and urethra

A

trigone

31
Q

Folds of the bladder

A

rugae

32
Q

Typical bladder capacity, when full

A

500 mL

33
Q

Conveys urine from bladder to outside of body

A

urethra

34
Q

Small glandular body surrounding proximal portion of male urethra

A

prostate

35
Q

Increased blood pressure to the kidneys

A

renal HTN

36
Q

Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

37
Q

Kidneys that does not ascend into the abdomen

A

pelvic kidney

38
Q

Presence of one kidney as a result of renal agenesis, dysplasia, or removal

A

solitary kidney

39
Q

“U” shaped kidney

A

horseshoe kidney

40
Q

Dilation of terminal ureter within the bladder

A

uterocele

41
Q

Bladder infection

A

cystitis

42
Q

Calculus filling the entire renal pelvis

A

staghorn calculous

43
Q

Urine trapped inside the kidney

A

hydronephrosis

44
Q

Numerous enlarged cysts on the kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease

45
Q

Childhood renal cancer

A

Wilm’s tumor

46
Q

Contrast entering in the normal direction of blood flow

A

antegrade

47
Q

Puncture directly into the renal pelvis for contrast administration

A

percutaneous antegrade urography

48
Q

Filling of the urinary tract against the normal flow

A

retrograde

49
Q

Investigation of the renal pelvis and calyces

A

pyelography

50
Q

Sometimes used to slow the flow of contrast enhanced urine into the bladder in order to demonstrate renal pelvis filling

A

ureteral compression

51
Q

Ideal centering placement for ureteral compression

A

ASIS

52
Q

Respiration phase for examinations of the urinary tract

A

end of expiration

53
Q

Exam that demonstrates structures and function of kidneys as contrast follows excretion route and contrast is filtered from blood

A

intravenous (excretory) urography

54
Q

Name 3 possible contraindications for performing an IVU.

A

Asthma, previous contrast reaction, circulatory or CV disease, elevated creatinine, sickle cell anemia, diabetes, multiple myeloma

55
Q

A postvoid IVU image is taken for what two reasons?

A

Look for small tumors and, in males, an enlarged prostate

56
Q

The kidneys demonstrate the greatest amount of contrast concentration in this time frame.

A

15-20 minutes

57
Q

This is the “blush” stage of contrast in the kidney

A

nephrogram

58
Q

Size of IR for AP projection of the urinary system.

A

14X17

59
Q

Reason to image AP urinary system upright.

A

Demonstrate opacified bladder and kidney mobility

60
Q

The CR should be centered here for an AP Urinary System

A

iliac crests

61
Q

The image should be marked with this, in addition to the personalized R/L marker when completing an IVU.

A

time marker

62
Q

Amount of angulation of MCP to IR for AP oblique of urinary system.

A

30 degrees

63
Q

The right kidney is in this position when a patient is place LPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.

A

parallel

64
Q

The right kidney is in this position when a patient is placed RPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.

A

perpendicular

65
Q

This plane should be centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral projection of the urinary system.

A

midcoronal plane

66
Q

This projection shows the urinary system, illustrating conditions such as rotation or pressure displacement of a kidney and localizes tumors or masses.

A

lateral

67
Q

Most exams of these organs are done retrograde.

A

Bladder, lower ureters, urethra, & prostate

68
Q

The IR must be centered here for an AP Axial Bladder Voiding study.

A

level of the symphysis

69
Q

The degree and angulation needed for an AP Axial Bladder.

A

10-15 caudad

70
Q

The degree and angulation needed for a PA Axial Bladder.

A

10-15 cephalic

71
Q

Where the central ray should enter on a PA Axial Bladder.

A

1” distal to the coccyx

72
Q

Amount of angulation required for an AP oblique bladder.

A

40-60 degrees

73
Q

This can be done on AP oblique bladder images when the neck of the bladder and the proximal urethra is of primary interest.

A

10 degrees caudal angulation to project pubic bones below

74
Q

This projection will demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder.

A

lateral

Contrast Media Test #4 (1 decks)

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