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Government > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

warrant

A

A written statement issued by a judge which gives a law officer the legal right to search for a particular thing in a specific place.

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2
Q

appeal

A

A request that a higher court review the case records and verdict of the lower court

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3
Q

discretionary review

A

the power to decide whether or not to hear a case

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4
Q

Supreme Court

A

The highest court in the United States

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5
Q

Appellate jurisdiction

A

The right of the court to review the ruling of a lower court

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6
Q

Militia

A

Refers to the armed citizenry

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7
Q

Brief

A

A lawyer’s written argument

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8
Q

evidence

A

material presented as proof at a trial

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9
Q

grand jury

A

assembled to examine evidence to determine whether there is sufficient evidence against the accused to try a case

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10
Q

trial jury

A

assembled to hear a case in court and to issue a verdict

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11
Q

Opinion Day

A

The final stage of the Supreme Court’s decision-making process

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12
Q

precident

A

past decision involving similar cases

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13
Q

judicial restraint

A

the idea that the Supreme Court should interpret and apply the Constitution according to the original understanding of those who wrote and ratified it

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14
Q

judicial activism

A

the idea that the Supreme Court should go beyond the Constitutional to change societal behavior.

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15
Q

Conference Handshake

A

serves to remind the justices on the Supreme Court that differences of opinion do not preclude harmony of purpose

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16
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

States that evidence obtained illegally is not admissible in court

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17
Q

What term refers to a petition for the Supreme Court to hear a case?

A

writ of certiorari

18
Q

Who was the chief justice that ruled in Marbury v. Madison?

A

John Marshal

19
Q

What law restricted the sale of handguns by requiring a waiting period for the purchase of a handgun?

A

Brady Law

20
Q

Under which chief justice did the Supreme Court adopt the philosophy of judicial activism?

A

Earl Warren

21
Q

What kind of briefs are filed by individuals who are not parties in a particular case but still have an interest in the case’s outcome?

A

amicus curiae

22
Q

What term describes a statement of an individual citizen’s legal privileges?

A

bill of rights

23
Q

What kind of courts are created by Congress under the authority given it in Article III?

A

constitutional courts

24
Q

How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?

A

nine

25
Q

What term describes the right of the Supreme Court to declare a law, or an action based upon that law, unconstitutional?

A

Judicial review

26
Q

Who are the chief decision makers of the federal judiciary?

A

Judges

27
Q

What word refers to the right of a court to hear and decide a case?

A

jurisdiction

28
Q

What term means a crime so serious that it is punishable by death?

A

Capital Crime

29
Q

Which of the following was not a part of the historical background for the Bill of Rights?

Massachusetts Body of Liberties
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Judiciary Act of 1789
English Bill of Rights

A

Judiciary Act of 1789

30
Q

What case regarding abortion illustrated radical judicial activism?

A

Roe v. Wade

31
Q

What case asserted for the Supreme Court the right of judicial review?

A

Marbury v. Madison

32
Q

Which special military court are members of the armed forces tried in?

A

Court-martial

33
Q

Which of the following is not guaranteed by the First Amendment?

Freedom of...
trial by jury
assembly
press
speach
A

Freedom of Trial by Jury

34
Q

Which of the following is not a type of judicial opinion issued by the Supreme Court?

appellate opinion
dissenting opinion
unanimous opinion
majority opinion

A

appellate opinion

35
Q

What word means to destroy a person’s reputation by false writing?

A

libel

36
Q

What word means to destroy a person’s reputation by false words/speech?

A

Slander

37
Q

What professional interest group has the most influence on the President regarding his choice of a federal judge?

A

American Bar Association

38
Q

Which term refers to an official examination of available evidence in a court of law?

A

trial

39
Q

Which are the most active of the federal judiciary courts?

District Courts
Court of Appeals
Circuit Courts
Supreme Court

A

United States District Courts

40
Q

Essay: Explain the original meaning of the separation of church and state. Why is it important that Christianity not be barred from American law ans government?

A
  • Separation of church and state originally meant that there should be no established religion nor any legal or institutional ties between church and state
  • Religion and morality, especially Christianity, are essential to the survival of a free society and a federal republic.
  • Freedoms, liberties, and rights must be set within the framework of a Christian moral order and of common cultural values derived from Christianity.

Government (8 decks)

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