Test 4 Flashcards
The tendency of a plant to grow and bend in the direction light shining on it
phototropism
A change in __ leads to a mutation of an organism
a change in nitrogen base sequence of DNA can lead to DNA coding issues which can lead to mutations such as cancer
What is a tincture
tinctures are solutions in which the solute is dissolved into alcohol
How are positive ions formed
positive ions are formed because atoms have LOST a negatively charged electron. (ions are formed by the gain or loss of an electron)
To be isotopes, 2 atoms of the same element must have a different number of what
NEUTRONS; isotopes have the same number of protons making them the same element. what makes them different is the # of neutrons present
___ can act as an acid or a base depending on its environment
amphoteric substance
describe half lives
the half life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time it takes for half of its atoms to decay
breakdown the isotope I-131 that has a half life of 8 days. What is left of I-131 after 24 days
after 24 days I-131 has gone through 3 half lives and 1/8 of the substance is left. 1 whole substance(8 day breakdown) 1/2 of substance left (8 day breakdown) 1/4 of substance is left (8 day breakdown) 1/8 of substance left
describe valence electrons
electrons in the outermost part of the atom. These electrons can be shared or shared with other atoms. They participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms
phenolphthalein substance is reflected how on litmus paper
it’s colorless in acid and pink in base
2 organic compounds have the same formula but different molecular structures. What are these compounds called
ISOMERS
Radioactive substances that undergo natural transmutations give off what 3 types of particles
alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
describe Boyle’s law
Boyle’s law is a gas that law that states if temperature is held constant pressure and volume have an inversely proportional relationship. - doubling the pressure of a gas half it’s volume.
ex- deep sea fish brought up- pressure of water decreases as they rise up and gasses in their blood and tummies increase and they pop- puke
describe Charles’ law
Charles’ law is a gas law that states if pressure is held constant the samples volume is directly proportional to the samples temperature ex- take a basketball outside on a cold day. ball shrinks a bit
what type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal
ionic bond. because the metal loses electrons to the nonmetal
when one liquid evaporates faster than another liquid the first liquid is said to be what
a more volatile liquid
polar molecule vs non-polar
polar molecules are water based and usually have an even distribution of electrons in the outer shell. usually the way polar molecules bond have + charges on one side of a molecule and - charges on the other side
Non-polar molecules are more lipid/oil based have evenly distributed charges unlike polar. if it can’t be dissolved in water it can be considered non-polar
can a polar and a non polar substance mix to form a solution?
no. water is polar oil is non polar. they don’t mix to form a solution. but alcohol is polar and so is water so they can mix together to form a polar solution
examples of polar and nonpolar
polar- water, ammonia, sulfur dioxide
nonpolar- noble gasses, gasoline
define sublimation
when a solid becomes gaseous without a liquid phase in between. ex. dry ice or solid iodine to gaseous iodine
where are the most non metals found on periodic table
upper right
what is an allotrope
allotropes are different forms of the same elements. for example- graphite and diamonds are both made of carbon
what is the function of the nephrons
it filters the blood that enters the kidneys
where does gas exchange take place in
capillaries
what chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs
left atrium
If Aluminum has 13 protons. How many protons in AL3+
AL has 13 protons and 13 electrons to keep the element balanced. a ion with a +3 charge means that the atom lost 3 electrons and now has 10 electrons
How many electrons can be held in the 3rd PEL of an atom
18 electrons can be held in the 3rd principle energy level. The 1st PEL can hold up to 2 electrons and the 2nd PEL can hold up to 8 electrons
a human rbc when placed in distilled water will…
swell up and possibly burst due to the cell having a higher concentration of solutes inside and a very low concentration of solutes outside.
a human rbc when placed in distilled water will…
swell up and possibly burst due to the cell having a higher concentration of solutes inside and a very low concentration of solutes outside. in order to dilute the concentration of the solutes inside the cell water flows inside the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst
