Test 4

Question 1

The tendency of a plant to grow and bend in the direction light shining on it

Answer 1

phototropism

Question 2

A change in __ leads to a mutation of an organism

Answer 2

a change in nitrogen base sequence of DNA can lead to DNA coding issues which can lead to mutations such as cancer

Question 3

What is a tincture

Answer 3

tinctures are solutions in which the solute is dissolved into alcohol

Question 4

How are positive ions formed

Answer 4

positive ions are formed because atoms have LOST a negatively charged electron. (ions are formed by the gain or loss of an electron)

Question 5

To be isotopes, 2 atoms of the same element must have a different number of what

Answer 5

NEUTRONS; isotopes have the same number of protons making them the same element. what makes them different is the # of neutrons present

Question 6

___ can act as an acid or a base depending on its environment

Answer 6

amphoteric substance

Question 7

describe half lives

Answer 7

the half life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time it takes for half of its atoms to decay

Question 8

breakdown the isotope I-131 that has a half life of 8 days. What is left of I-131 after 24 days

Answer 8

after 24 days I-131 has gone through 3 half lives and 1/8 of the substance is left. 1 whole substance(8 day breakdown) 1/2 of substance left (8 day breakdown) 1/4 of substance is left (8 day breakdown) 1/8 of substance left

Question 9

describe valence electrons

Answer 9

electrons in the outermost part of the atom. These electrons can be shared or shared with other atoms. They participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms

Question 10

phenolphthalein substance is reflected how on litmus paper

Answer 10

it’s colorless in acid and pink in base

Question 11

2 organic compounds have the same formula but different molecular structures. What are these compounds called

Answer 11

ISOMERS

Question 12

Radioactive substances that undergo natural transmutations give off what 3 types of particles

Answer 12

alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays

Question 13

describe Boyle’s law

Answer 13

Boyle’s law is a gas that law that states if temperature is held constant pressure and volume have an inversely proportional relationship. - doubling the pressure of a gas half it’s volume.
ex- deep sea fish brought up- pressure of water decreases as they rise up and gasses in their blood and tummies increase and they pop- puke

Question 14

describe Charles’ law

Answer 14

Charles’ law is a gas law that states if pressure is held constant the samples volume is directly proportional to the samples temperature ex- take a basketball outside on a cold day. ball shrinks a bit

Question 15

what type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal

Answer 15

ionic bond. because the metal loses electrons to the nonmetal

Question 16

when one liquid evaporates faster than another liquid the first liquid is said to be what

Answer 16

a more volatile liquid

Question 17

polar molecule vs non-polar

Answer 17

polar molecules are water based and usually have an even distribution of electrons in the outer shell. usually the way polar molecules bond have + charges on one side of a molecule and - charges on the other side
Non-polar molecules are more lipid/oil based have evenly distributed charges unlike polar. if it can’t be dissolved in water it can be considered non-polar

Question 18

can a polar and a non polar substance mix to form a solution?

Answer 18

no. water is polar oil is non polar. they don’t mix to form a solution. but alcohol is polar and so is water so they can mix together to form a polar solution

Question 19

examples of polar and nonpolar

Answer 19

polar- water, ammonia, sulfur dioxide

nonpolar- noble gasses, gasoline

Question 20

define sublimation

Answer 20

when a solid becomes gaseous without a liquid phase in between. ex. dry ice or solid iodine to gaseous iodine

Question 21

where are the most non metals found on periodic table

Answer 21

upper right

Question 22

what is an allotrope

Answer 22

allotropes are different forms of the same elements. for example- graphite and diamonds are both made of carbon

Question 23

what is the function of the nephrons

Answer 23

it filters the blood that enters the kidneys

Question 24

where does gas exchange take place in

Answer 24

capillaries

Question 25

what chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs

Answer 25

left atrium

Question 26

If Aluminum has 13 protons. How many protons in AL3+

Answer 26

AL has 13 protons and 13 electrons to keep the element balanced. a ion with a +3 charge means that the atom lost 3 electrons and now has 10 electrons

Question 27

How many electrons can be held in the 3rd PEL of an atom

Answer 27

18 electrons can be held in the 3rd principle energy level. The 1st PEL can hold up to 2 electrons and the 2nd PEL can hold up to 8 electrons

Question 28

a human rbc when placed in distilled water will…

Answer 28

swell up and possibly burst due to the cell having a higher concentration of solutes inside and a very low concentration of solutes outside.

Question 29

a human rbc when placed in distilled water will…

Answer 29

swell up and possibly burst due to the cell having a higher concentration of solutes inside and a very low concentration of solutes outside. in order to dilute the concentration of the solutes inside the cell water flows inside the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst