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CHE 150 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Crystalline Solids

A

ORDERED

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2
Q

Amorphous Solids

A

DISORDERED

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3
Q

Crystal Lattices

A

geometrical patterns of the crystal structures

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4
Q

Alloys

A

combinations of two or more elements that have properties of a metal

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5
Q

Substitutional Alloys

A

A second atom of similar size and reactivity takes the place of a metal atom (Homogeneous)

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6
Q

Interstitial Alloys

A

A second smaller atom, often a nonmetal, fills an empty space in the lattice of metal atoms (Homogeneous)

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7
Q

Heterogeneous Alloys

A

The components of these alloys are not dispersed uniformly throughout the material (not a solid)

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8
Q

Intermetallic Compounds

A

Compounds, NOT mixtures. They are found with specific compositions that cannot be verified (Homogeneous)

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9
Q

Ionic Solids

A

lattice is composed of charged ions

- High BP and MP

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10
Q

Metallic Solids

A

Consist of JUST metals

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11
Q

Molecular Solids

A

Atoms are held together through van der Waals forces

  • Often soft and low MP
  • Ex: Graphite
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12
Q

Covalent-Network Solids

A

Consists of atoms held together in large networks by covalent bonds - C, Si, Ge

  • Hard materials with high MP
  • Ex: Diamond
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13
Q

Insulators

A

do not conduct electricity

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14
Q

Semiconductors

A

conductance varies

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15
Q

Conductors (Metals)

A

conduct electricity

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16
Q

Band Gap (Eg)

A

A

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17
Q

Conduction Band

A

forms antibonding orbitals

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18
Q

Valence Band

A

forms bonding orbitals

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19
Q

Doping

A

adding controlled amounts of impurity atoms to a material

20
Q

n-type semiconductor

A

adding an atom with more valence electrons than the original; adds electrons to conduction band
(Phosphorus-15 to Silicon-14)

21
Q

p-type semiconductor

A

adding an atom with less valence electrons that the original; less electrons in the valence band
(Aluminum-13 to Silicon-14)

22
Q

Polymers

A

molecules of high molecular weight

23
Q

Monomers

A

molecules of low molecular weight

24
Q

Addition Polymers

A

Couple monomers by converting pi-bonds to sigma-bonds between monomers

25
Q

Condensation Polymers

A

Joining two different monomers in which a smaller molecule is formed as a by-product

26
Q

Crystallinity

A

the order of polymers

Increased Order = Higher MP, Density

27
Q

Cross-Linking

A

chemically bonding chains of polymers to stiffen and strengthen substance

28
Q

Vulcanization

A

discovered in 1839 by Charles Goodyear, chains are cross-linked and make rubber bonds stronger

29
Q

Nanotechnology

A

the creation of devices with dimensions of 1-100 nm

10^-9 m

30
Q

Quantum Dots

A

very small semiconductor particles (1-10 nm)

31
Q

Particle Size Decreases

A

Band Gap increases

32
Q

Carbon Nanotube

A

similar to a graphite layer that has been rolled up

33
Q

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

A

chemical reactions that move electrons around

34
Q

oxidation

A

LOSES electrons (becomes more positive)

35
Q

reduction

A

GAINS electrons (becomes more negative)

36
Q

Oxidation Number

A

the actual charge of the atom if it exists as a monatomic ion

37
Q

Steps to Balancing Redox Equations

A
  1. Assign oxidation numbers.
  2. Divide into two half-reactions.
  3. Balance each half equation.
    • Elements other than O and H.
    • Add H20 to balance oxygen.
    • Add H+ to balance hydrogen.
    • Add electrons to balance charge.
  4. Multiply each half-reaction so the number of electrons is equal on both sides.
  5. Check to see masses and charges are equal.
38
Q

Voltaic Cells

A

a setup that uses energy released through oxidation-reduction reactions to do work by making electrons flow through an external device

39
Q

Anode

A

Oxidation

40
Q

Cathode

A

Reduction

41
Q

Liquid Crystals

A

the viscous state of some substances between liquid and solid states

42
Q

Liquids

A

No structure

43
Q

Nematic

A

ordered in one dimension
I I I I
I I I II I
I I II I I

44
Q

Smectic

A

ordered in two dimensions
IIIIIII //////
IIIIIII or //////
IIIIIII //////

45
Q

Cholesteric

A

layered at angles

46
Q

Liquid Crystal Displays

A

The layer of liquid crystal between two conductive glass windows in which light is polarized

CHE 150 (3 decks)

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