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test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

bladder

A

sterile urine storage

600 mls

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2
Q

urethra

A

channels urine outside the body from the bladder
1-2in females
up to 8 in males

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3
Q

color

A

pale to dark yellow

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4
Q

transparency

A

should be clear

if cloudy suspected infection

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5
Q

odor

A

aromatic

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6
Q

volume

A

1200-1500mls/day

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7
Q

specific gravity

A

measures urine concentration

1.003 to 1.030

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8
Q

Ph

A

5-7 is normal

urine is acidic

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9
Q

cells and crystals

A

RBCS and WBS are normal

cyrstals are normal(can cause kidney stones)

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10
Q

electrolytes

A

No glucose, ketones or protein

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11
Q

urgency

A

sudden need to urinate

may be r/t inflammation or infection

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12
Q

nocturia

A

excessive voiding at night

heart failure, diuretics, CHF and elderly

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13
Q

enuresis

A

bed wetting

normal under 3

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14
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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15
Q

hesitancy

A

difficulty starting flow

neuro problem, UTI, antihistimines

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16
Q

dribbling

A

involuntary passage

weak muscles, prostate problems

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17
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

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18
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

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19
Q

polyuria

A

excessive amounts of urine

more than 2500 mls/day

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20
Q

anuria

A

no urine output

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21
Q

continence

A

voluntary urine control

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22
Q

retention

A

urine that is retained in the bladder(after surgery)

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23
Q

residual urine

A

urine that remains in the bladder after voiding

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24
Q

UTI

A

upper and lower infections

Increase fluids, shower not bath, wipe back to front, wash hands, increase acids

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25
Q

lower UTI

A

bladder
cystitis
culture to confirm
increased RBCS, WBCS, and bacteria

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26
Q

symptoms of lower UTI

A

dysuria
frequency
cloudy urine
voiding in small amounts

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27
Q

Upper UTI

A

Kidneys

pyleonephritis

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28
Q

symptoms of upper UTI

A 
lethargy
fever 
chills
vomitting
abdominal pain
tenderness
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29
Q

renal stones

A

can cause pain in lower back or abdomen that radiates to lower legs
dysuria, urgency and frequency

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30
Q

acute renal failure

A

when normal kidney function suddenly ceases
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
anorexia, N and V, fatigue,
can be fatal

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31
Q

chronic renal failure

A

over a period of time

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32
Q

incontinence

A

loss of voluntary control

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33
Q

interventions for incontinence

A 
fluid restrictions
toilet schedules
depends
self-cath
exercise
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34
Q

5 types of incontinence

A 
urge
stress
reflex
functional
urinary retention
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35
Q

urge

A

occurs immediatly after strong sensation to void

UTI, long term cath, pregnancy

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36
Q

stress

A

involuntary leakage during times of increased pressure

multi-births, pregnancy, tumor

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37
Q

reflex

A

permanent neuro lesion causing voiding to be controlled by the spinal cord.
Spinal cord iinjury, MS, CVA, brain tumor

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38
Q

functional

A

involuntary and unpredictable loss of urine

neuro problem

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39
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to empty bladder

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40
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

radiographic dye test to study renal pelvis, ureters and bladder
xray to see structures

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41
Q

cystometrogram

A

study to measure bladder pressures, reflex activity and bladder strength
put fluid into the bladder

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42
Q

electromyography

A

determines muscle strength via response to muscle stimulus

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43
Q

clean catch midstream

A

clean specimen
provide instruction
avoid contamination
assesses for UTI

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44
Q

UA

A

routine specimen done on admission

45
Q

sterile

A

urine from bladder via cath

46
Q

24hr

A

full day urine collection

keep on ice

47
Q

intake

A

ingestion of fluids orally

48
Q

output

A

expulsion of fluids

49
Q

urinary nursing diagnoses

A 
incontinence
constipation
diarrhea
fluid volume deficit
impaired skin integrity
body image disturbance
self care deficit
50
Q

sleep

A

is restorative

state of unconsciousness from which one can be awakened by sensory or other stimuli

51
Q

rest

A

waking state

52
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep

53
Q

stages of sleep

A

REM and non-REM

54
Q

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

A 
active sleep state
sympathetic activity
mind active, body relaxed
dreams
brain waves on EEG
80 minutes after onset
55
Q

non-REM

A

quiet state
motor tone
change positions
4 stages

56
Q

stage 1

A

5 min
eyes roll
easy to awaken

57
Q

stage 2

A

10-25 min
sleep deeper
body function continues to drop

58
Q

stage 3

A 
20 min
deeper sleep
restful
hard to awake
parasympathetic system
59
Q

stage 4

A

deepest sleep
difficult to awaken
eyes still

60
Q

signs and symptoms of sleep deprivation

A 
impaired cognitive function
mental fatigue
impaired memory
decreased concentration
poor judgement
personality changes
61
Q

data collection

A

interview

62
Q

diagnostic tests

A

electroencephalgram, EEG
electro-oculargram, EOG
electo-myogram, EMG

63
Q

sleep nursing diagnoses

A

sleep deprivation
insomnia
readiness for enhanced sleep

64
Q

5 types of insomnia

A 
initial
intermittent
terminal
transient
persistent
65
Q

initial

A

longer than 30min to fall asleep

66
Q

intermittent

A

several brief periods of awakening

67
Q

terminal

A

awake early and cant fall back asleep

68
Q

transient

A

several days

69
Q

persistent

A

lasts weeks

70
Q

sleep apnea

A

no breathing with sleep

71
Q

narcolepsy

A

daytime sleepiness

72
Q

kleine levine syndrome

A

sleep attack that lasts for hrs or days

73
Q

noctural myoclonus

A

calf muscle spasms

74
Q

EDS

A

sleep at inappropriate times

75
Q

parasomnias

A

sleepwalking, bed wetting, night terrors

76
Q

sexual interview

A 
identify concerns
problems that need referrals
teaching needs
treatment needs
client understanding
77
Q

interview topics

A 
gender
lifestyle
satisfaction
abuse
STDs
family risk factors
78
Q

breast exam

A

look at size, color, shape, texture, lesions, tissue quality, nipple discharge
look at yourself in the mirror
feel breasts while lying down
feel breast while standing

79
Q

male exam

A

sdfjakjsd

80
Q

STDs

A

any infection transmitted by sexual intercourse
every sexually active person is at risk
some are life-threatening

81
Q

gonorrhea

A

neisseria gonnorhea
late adolescents, young adults
antibiotic therapy

82
Q

male gonorrhea symptoms

A

dysuria
frequency
discharge

83
Q

female gonorrhea symptoms

A

asymptomatic early
discharge
dysuria

84
Q

chlamydia

A 
yellow discharge
urethritis
dysuria
frequency
antibiotics
85
Q

syphilis

A 
bacteria
incubation 10-90 days
primary
secondary
latent
tertiary
86
Q

primary state

A

painless canker sore

heals in weeks

87
Q

secondary stage

A 
affects all body systems
lesions on skin
fever
malaise
penicillin
88
Q

latent stage

A

asymptomatic

89
Q

tertiary stage

A

advanced with tumors

90
Q

genital herpes

A 
herpes simplex virus
lesions on genitalia, mouth or anus
dysuria, pain, fever
 no cure 
topicals
91
Q

human papilloma virus(HPV)

A 
100 different types
may be asymptomatic
genital warts
get vaccine
Most common in USA
92
Q

trichomoniasis

A

protozoan
frothy green discharge, inflammation, itching
metronidazole

93
Q

hep B

A

range of symptoms

antiviral medications

94
Q

HIV, AIDS

A 
retrovirus
decreased resistance, fatigue, 
compromised immune system
AIDs is later stage
antiviral medications
no cure
95
Q

vaginitis

A

yeast or bacterial infection

96
Q

3 domains of learning

A

cognitive
affective
psychomotor

97
Q

cognitive

A

demonstarates results of thinking process, knowing and understanding

98
Q

affective

A

feelings
own values
principles

99
Q

psychomotor

A

action
demonstration
hands on

100
Q

factors that facilitate learnin

A 
energy and concentration
physical and emotional readiness
active
feedback
relevance
simple to complex
repetition
101
Q

factors that inhibit learnin

A 
anxiety
stress
poor concentration
physiological factos
cultural barriers
102
Q

adult learners

A

independent persons
ready to learn
usually internally motivated
should be involved in planning care

103
Q

learning ADPIE

A 
Assesment- collect data
Diagnose- ID learners needs
Planning- ID goals, strengths, objectives and content
Implementation- teaching
Evaulate- outcomes of teaching
104
Q

ureters

A

ducts allowing urine to pass from kidneys to bladder

105
Q

4 theories of learning

A

behavioristic
cognitive
humanistic
elective

106
Q

behavioristic

A

positive reinforcement when behavior occurs

107
Q

cognitive

A

more insight for clearer meaning

108
Q

humanistic

A

affective or feeling response towards learning

109
Q

electic

A

combination of theories

nursing 101 (1 decks)

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