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BIO 152 > TEST 4 > Flashcards

TEST 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an Amniote?

A

An vertebrate (reptile, bird, or mammal) that has a protective membrane around the embryo called the amnion.

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2
Q

What is the Chorion?

A

A waterproof membrane that enables gasses to pass through.

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3
Q

Name the four types of extra embryonic membranes.

A

Amnion, Chorion, Allantois, and Yolk Sae

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4
Q

What is an Allantois

A

A water disposal system for the embryo.

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5
Q

What does the Yolk Sae Do?

A

It provides nutrients for developing embryo.

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6
Q

What is the skin proteins do reptiles have on their body to keep water in?

A

Keratin

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7
Q

Are reptiles ectothermic or endothermic?

A

Ectothermic, change temperature behaviorally.

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8
Q

The epidermal scales from reptiles gave rise to what characteristic?

A

The keratin feathers on birds.

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9
Q

The epidermal scales from reptiles gave rise to what characteristic?

A

The keratin feathers on birds.

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10
Q

Birds evolved what what group?

A

Dinosaurs/Reptiles/Feathered Reptiles.

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11
Q

When were the dinosaurs mass extinction?

A

Mezozoic Era –> Cretaceous Period

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12
Q

Name two types of extinct reptiles.

A

Plesiosaurs (aquatic) and Pterosaurs (flying)

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13
Q

Archeaeopteryx is an example of a

A

transitional animal group

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14
Q

What were the three main evolutionary reasons for feathers on birds

A

Warmth, flight, and mating rituals.

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15
Q

Name some characteristics of Birds

A

Eggs with protected shell, keratin feathers, honeycomb bones (light), large muscles, endothermic, strong eyes, large brains with naviagation, coutship, social behaviors, etc.

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16
Q

Many birds are learned behavior, which is a sign of intelligence.

A

Studies have shown that birds are able to talk, like in a conversation…

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17
Q

Describe the first mammals.

A

Small, insectivores, nocturnal. They gave rise after dinosaurs had become extinct (didn’t have to worry about competition with them.

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18
Q

Describe the first mammals.

A

Small, insectivores, nocturnal. They gave rise after dinosaurs had become extinct (didn’t have to worry about competition with them.

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19
Q

What does Eutherian mammals have?

A

Placenta

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20
Q

Name the four type of teeth that mammals have

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, and Molars

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21
Q

Define Gastrulation

A

Developmental process where the early embryo begins to form different tissues and organs.

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22
Q

Name the three germ layers and what they are associated with

A

Ectoderm:nervous/skin
Endoderm: gut
Mesoderm: muscles, connective tissues

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23
Q

What are the only organisms that don’t go through gastrulation stages?

A

sponges

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24
Q

In folding and the creation of the digestive cavity, these animals were created in the precambrian era

A

protoanimals, “gastrula-like”

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25
Q

What is a burgess shale?

A

layers of sediment in shallow sea that fossilized many different types of animals from the Cambrian explosion.

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26
Q

these protoanimals gave rise to what animals

A

Vertebraes/fish/anthioctis

27
Q

What was the ecological cause of the Cambrian explosion?

A

predator-prey relationships. Different prey/predator dynamic with different environments

28
Q

What was the geological cause of Cambrian Explosion?

A

atmospheric oxygen supported an active metabolism which increased mobility

29
Q

Low O2=less aerobic activity=

A

less ATP

30
Q

High O2=more aerobic activity=

A

more ATP

31
Q

What was the genetic cause of the Cambrian Explosion

A

Evolution of the Hox genes/regulatory genes, which ceased morphology during embryonic development

32
Q

Increased ecological niches after the Earth had melted a lot of snow also increased the number of species because then there was

A

hospitable location for life.

33
Q

Name the two types of Ancestral Protozoa

A

Parazoa and Eumetazoa

34
Q

Name properties of Parazoa

A

Tissues are non-differentiated, no gastrulation

35
Q

What are the Phylum in the Parazoa

A

Porifera/Sponges

36
Q

Name properties of Eumetazoa Protozoa

A

Tissues that are differential, and gastrulation that forms tissues

37
Q

Name two Phylum in the Eumetazoa

A

Phylum Snidaria and Phylum Ctenophor

38
Q

Whats the deal with Snidaria

A

Jellyfish/Anemone. They float in the water (they are free spirits ;P) Sensory structures are not concentrated on a location.

39
Q

What are Ctenophora?

A

Comb Jellyfish

40
Q

Name two Phylum in the Eumetazoa that are Radial/Radiata

A

Phylum Snidaria and Phylum Ctenophora

41
Q

What are Ctenophora?

A

Comb Jellyfish

42
Q

Name the two types of Eumetazoa

A

Radiata and Bilateria

43
Q

What are Bilateria Eumetoza

A

Animals with bilateral symmetry and a triploblast. They move with a purpose, have focused sensory structures.

44
Q

What are Acoelomates?

A

Animals with germ layers that have no separated spaces. The animal’s solid. (Platyhelminthes/flatworms/tapeworms)

45
Q

What are Pseudocoelomates?

A

Animals with germ layers partially separated by spaces. They have a small cavity called a Psueocoelom.

46
Q

Name the phylums that have psueocoeloms

A

Nematoda and Rotifera

47
Q

What are Ceolomates

A

Animals with germ layers seperated by spaces of true Coelom.

48
Q

What is a True Ceolom

A

A complete lining of both inside and outside of the endodermic mesoderm. It acts as a cushion for free movement

49
Q

What are the two types of Ceolomates

A

Protosomes and Deuterostomes

50
Q

What are some characteristics of protosomes?

A

25 Phylum, 8 Cell Development stages, Spiral Cleveage, Determinate Cells, Blastopore develops into mouth

51
Q

What is the determinate cells?

A

Cells with a very specific purpose. It they are gone, then the body part doesn’t develop

52
Q

What are some characteristics of Deuterostoems

A

3 Phylum, Radial cleavage, 8 cell development, indeterminate cells, blasophore evelops into anus

53
Q

What are some characteristics of Deuterostoems

A

3 Phylum, Radial cleavage, 8 cell development, indeterminate cells, blastopore develops into anus

54
Q

What are indeterminate cells?

A

Cells that can become whatever they want or need.

55
Q

What are the three main phylums of Protosomes?

A

Mollusca (clams/snails), Annelida (earthworms), Arthropoda (insects/spiders).

56
Q

Name the three main phylums of Dueterostomes

A

Echinoderm (starfish), Chordata (vertebrates), Hemichordates

57
Q

Name the three main phylums of Dueterostomes

A

Echinoderm (starfish), Chordata (vertebrates), Hemichordates

58
Q

What is a notochord

A

a flexible, sturdy rod along the length of the animal between the nerve cord and the gut.

59
Q

What is the nucleaus puposus:

A

A vestigial notochord

60
Q

A nerve cord is also known as a

A

spinal cord

61
Q

What are pharyngeal slits

A

A pharynx portion of the gut that opens to the outside.

62
Q

What is the function of a pharyngeal slits

A

Filter Feeding

63
Q

What is an SOM and what are some examples

A

Suspended Organic Material, Plankton, Detritus (bits of dead stuff) and

BIO 152 (1 decks)

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