test 4 Flashcards
Test for Chapter 20, 19, 13, 18,
a process through which proud owners of social behavior,social relationships, social institutions and systems of stratification are altered over time
Social change
social changes Universal put variable
Social change is intentional but also unplanned
social change brings controversy
social change has variable consequences
principles of social change
physical environment Cultural innovation technology population Humana action
sources of social change
rivers
mountains
Normal resources (oil, coal, Diamond,)
natural disasters ( earthquake hurricanes tornadoes in tsunami)
physical environment:
: uncovering something in the environment that was always there but not know.
The rate of invention is the rate of proportional at rate of discovery
culture innovation: discovery
combining existing known elements in the environment something new
stuff that already exists but if combined to make new
cultural innovation: invention
: when unrelated events occur together from which a new idea emerges
Apple falling from the tree which lead the discover of gravity.
culural innovation: accidental juxtaposition
: involves cultural borrowing where that which is borrowed is modified to fit into the receiving culture
Ex. most prolific form of social change technology is a most dramatic
cultural innovation: diffusion
also tangible aspects in society
technology: material culture
so norms, values, beliefs, laws, and tradition that help guide to society
technology: non-material culture
the time it takes off for the society to it on to state of equilibrium following the introduction of a new item on the materials side
technology:Culture-lag time
this state and what’s a society is no longer in control of changes taking place in the society. technology becomes the master in the society becomes to slave
technology: technological determinism
the scientific study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population.
population: demography
food supplies grow arithmetically, while population grows geometrically.
population theories: Malthusian Theory
population growth occurs in three distinct stages
high birth rates, high death rates
high birth rates, low death rates
low birth rates, low death rates
Population theories: demographic transition theory
fertility
birth rate
mortality
death rate
also called rate of reproductive change
birth rate - death rate=natural increase
the potential for childbirth
fecundity
movement within the country
internal migration
incoming population
in-migration
outgoing population
out-migration
in - out (a - b = c)
net migration
movement from outside the country
immigration
dynamic that results when individuals from diverse backgrounds, races, and cultures come together to live in a given geographic area.
population mix
individual is motivated to move because he is dissatisfied with current situation.
theory: push
although not unhappy with current situation, the individual is pulled by strong forces to move.
theory: pull
individuals will move to where others like themselves are thus creation Ethnic Enclaves
theory: support system
The process whereby individuals from rural areas move into an urban area
Urbanization
a central city that has several cities connected to it (Fort Lauderdale)
metropolitan area (metropolis)
several metropolitan areas connected to each other (Miami Dade, Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach)
Megalopolis
relocation from inner city to the suburbs
Urbanization Issues: concentric zone theory
renovation of run-down parts of the city. (legal)
Urbanization Issues: gentrification
illegal practice whereby parts of the city are allowed to deterioration and then redeveloped.
Urbanization Issues: redlining
authorized power to take private property for public use
Urbanization Issues: eminent domain
mass exodus of one group because members of another move into their area to live
Urbanization Issues: white flight