test 4 Flashcards

Test for Chapter 20, 19, 13, 18,

1
Q

a process through which proud owners of social behavior,social relationships, social institutions and systems of stratification are altered over time

A

Social change

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2
Q

social changes Universal put variable

Social change is intentional but also unplanned

social change brings controversy

social change has variable consequences

A

principles of social change

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3
Q
physical environment
Cultural innovation
technology
population
Humana action
A

sources of social change

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4
Q

rivers
mountains
Normal resources (oil, coal, Diamond,)
natural disasters ( earthquake hurricanes tornadoes in tsunami)

A

physical environment:

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5
Q

: uncovering something in the environment that was always there but not know.
The rate of invention is the rate of proportional at rate of discovery

A

culture innovation: discovery

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6
Q

combining existing known elements in the environment something new

stuff that already exists but if combined to make new

A

cultural innovation: invention

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7
Q

: when unrelated events occur together from which a new idea emerges

Apple falling from the tree which lead the discover of gravity.

A

culural innovation: accidental juxtaposition

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8
Q

: involves cultural borrowing where that which is borrowed is modified to fit into the receiving culture

Ex. most prolific form of social change technology is a most dramatic

A

cultural innovation: diffusion

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9
Q

also tangible aspects in society

A

technology: material culture

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10
Q

so norms, values, beliefs, laws, and tradition that help guide to society

A

technology: non-material culture

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11
Q

the time it takes off for the society to it on to state of equilibrium following the introduction of a new item on the materials side

A

technology:Culture-lag time

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12
Q

this state and what’s a society is no longer in control of changes taking place in the society. technology becomes the master in the society becomes to slave

A

technology: technological determinism

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13
Q

the scientific study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population.

A

population: demography

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14
Q

food supplies grow arithmetically, while population grows geometrically.

A

population theories: Malthusian Theory

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15
Q

population growth occurs in three distinct stages
high birth rates, high death rates
high birth rates, low death rates
low birth rates, low death rates

A

Population theories: demographic transition theory

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16
Q

fertility

A

birth rate

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17
Q

mortality

A

death rate

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18
Q

also called rate of reproductive change

A

birth rate - death rate=natural increase

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19
Q

the potential for childbirth

A

fecundity

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20
Q

movement within the country

A

internal migration

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21
Q

incoming population

A

in-migration

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22
Q

outgoing population

A

out-migration

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23
Q

in - out (a - b = c)

A

net migration

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24
Q

movement from outside the country

A

immigration

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25
Q

dynamic that results when individuals from diverse backgrounds, races, and cultures come together to live in a given geographic area.

A

population mix

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26
Q

individual is motivated to move because he is dissatisfied with current situation.

A

theory: push

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27
Q

although not unhappy with current situation, the individual is pulled by strong forces to move.

A

theory: pull

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28
Q

individuals will move to where others like themselves are thus creation Ethnic Enclaves

A

theory: support system

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29
Q

The process whereby individuals from rural areas move into an urban area

A

Urbanization

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30
Q

a central city that has several cities connected to it (Fort Lauderdale)

A

metropolitan area (metropolis)

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31
Q

several metropolitan areas connected to each other (Miami Dade, Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach)

A

Megalopolis

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32
Q

relocation from inner city to the suburbs

A

Urbanization Issues: concentric zone theory

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33
Q

renovation of run-down parts of the city. (legal)

A

Urbanization Issues: gentrification

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34
Q

illegal practice whereby parts of the city are allowed to deterioration and then redeveloped.

A

Urbanization Issues: redlining

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35
Q

authorized power to take private property for public use

A

Urbanization Issues: eminent domain

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36
Q

mass exodus of one group because members of another move into their area to live

A

Urbanization Issues: white flight

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37
Q

social changes that are brought about by the efforts of a single individual. (usually someone with a charismatic personality - Nelson Mandela, Dr. King, JFK, Lady Di, Mother Theresa, Hitler.

A

individual behavior

38
Q

a large group of people engaging in non-routine behavior and responding to a common stimulus.

A

collective Behavior

39
Q

a large group of people in one location engaging in collective behavior

A

crowd

40
Q

several large groups in different locations engaging in collective behavior

A

mass

41
Q

individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption
key function
regulates sexual behavior
provides for care & nurturing of infants
serves as primary agent of socialization
acts as a means of social control
confers status on its members

A

the family

42
Q

mother, father, and children in one household

A

Family structure: Nuclear family

43
Q

marrying someone from one’s own groups

A

creating a family: endogamy

44
Q

marrying outside one’s group

A

creating a family: exogamy

45
Q

marrying within one;s social class

A

creating a family: Homogamy

46
Q

family one was raised in

A

Types: family of orientation

47
Q

one spouse at a time

A

marital arrangements: Monogamy

48
Q

several spouses at the same time

A

marital arrangements: Polygamy

49
Q

males having multiple spouses at the same time

A

marital arrangements: Polygymy

50
Q

females having multiple spouses at the same time

A

marital arrangements: polyandry

51
Q

multiple remarriages

A

marital arrangements: serial monogamy

52
Q

single-parent families
same sex marriages
Cohabitation- living together without being married

A

the future

53
Q

process by which a society transmit knowledge, skills, values, & norms from one generation to the next

A

Education

54
Q

socialization
preparation for workforce
acquisition of wealth
social development

A

Education key functions

55
Q

requiring higher levels of education to gt the same job

A

Credential-ism

56
Q

number of years of schooling one has completed

A

educational attainment

57
Q

the ability to read, write, & do computations

A

educational achievement

58
Q

showing up for school but not learning the required skills to complete a grade

A

seat time

59
Q

promoted to next grade because of age

A

social promotion

60
Q

students placed in on a particular educational pathway academic or vocational

A

Tracking

61
Q

living up to the expectation of significant others

A

self-filling prophecy

62
Q

teaching the cultures of different racial/ethnic groups

A

multicultural education

63
Q

answers questions of human existence

A

religion

64
Q

theism

A

the believe in supreme being/s

65
Q

worship of one God

A

monotheism

66
Q

worship of many Gods

A

Polytheism

67
Q

every day things of life

A

profane (secular)

68
Q

that which is set aside for worship

A

sacred

69
Q

a practice that was once sacred is now secular

A

secularization

70
Q

religious group that is not regraded as an established religion

A

cult

71
Q

people and organizations that formulate and implement public policy

A

Government

72
Q

maintain law and order
prevents chaos
provides for orderly settlement of disputes
protects citizens from foreign powers
provides needed public services (infrastructure)

A

government key functions

73
Q

the ability to get one’s way

A

power

74
Q

legitimate power

A

authority

75
Q

one person rule

A

dictatorship

76
Q

gov. for and by the people

A

democracy

77
Q

political action committees (pacs)

A

interest groups

78
Q

individuals hired to influence politicians on behalf of interests group

A

lobbyists

79
Q

responsible for the production, distributions, and consumption of goods and services

A

Economic

80
Q

private ownership vs. public; ownership (market economy, supply & demand.)

A

capitalism

81
Q

public ownership vs. private ownership

A

socialism

82
Q

Doing research just to obtain knowledge

A

Science and technology: pure research

83
Q

Doing research to apply the knowledge - results in technology

A

Science and technology: Applied research

84
Q

Maintenance of health

A

Prevention

85
Q

Treatment of illness

A

Cure

86
Q

Integrative medicine

A

Holistic

87
Q

Extension of life

A

Health and medicine

88
Q

Machine/technology have become more important than the patients

A

Hypertrophy

89
Q

Individual is made sicker by going to the hospital

A

Logenesis

90
Q

several generations living in one household

A

Family structure: Extended family

91
Q

family created upon marriage

A

Types: family of procreation