Test 4 Flashcards
Define personality:
unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave
Define character:
value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior
Define Temperament:
enduring characteristics with which each person is born
What are four types of perspectives in personality studies?
Psychoanalytical
Behavioristic
Humanistic
Trait Perspectives
Social Cognitive theory is included in which perspective of personality study?
Behavioristic
Who is the founder of the Psychoanalytical approach?
Sigmund Freud
How many levels of personality does Freud believe we have?
3
What are the three parts of personality according to Freud?
Ego
Superego
ID
Freud’s view sees how many levels to the personality?
3
What are the three levels of personality?
Consciousness
Preconsciousness
Unconsciousness
Which level of consciousness are we unaware of its contents?
Unconscious level
The unconscious is a storehouse of what?
Repressed impulses
Drives
Conflicts unavailable to the consciousness
Why is the unconscious disguised?
to reduce anxiety
how is unconscious material revealed?
Dreams
Some certain behaviors
Slip of the tongue
What are the the different type of drive?
Eros
Libido
Thanatos
Define Eros:
drives people towards acts that are sexual, life-giving, and creative
What does Freud believe all we want to do?
have sex
True/False:
Freud believes everything in life has some type of sex drive behind it.
true
Define Libido:
drives people to experience sensual pleasures
Define Thanatos:
drives people toward aggressive and destructive behaviors
What is another name for Thanatos?
Death Drive
What is the Id known as?
the beast within
Describe the Id?
raw
organized
primative
The Id attempts to reduce tension caused by what?
the primitive primary drive
The Id operates off of what?
pleasure principle
“If it feels good, do it.” Describes what?
Pleasure principle
The Id demands what?
Instant gratification
Define ego:
the “executive” or decision-making part of the personality
Instant gratification in the ego is________
not always possible
What does ego balance?
basic desires with the objective reality of the outside world
What does ego operate off of?
Reality principle
Define reality principle:
need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that will not lead to negative consequences
Superego strives for_________
perfection
Superego is made of_______
“right and wrong” as defined by society
The conscience operates when we_______
do wrong
Ego-ideal is a picture of__________
perfection
Superego operates on what?
guilt principle
Is the superego realistic?
no
Stage approach to development says childhood is___________
important
Stage approach explains what?
how expereince during a particular stage predicts personality characteristics in adulthood
Freud said personality (psyche) developed as a result of____________
sexual development
Freud’s stages of personality focus on what?
sexual gratification
Define fixation:
getting stuck to some degree in a stage of Freud’s stages of development
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s Stages of Development?
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
What age group is in the Oral stage?
12-18 months
In the oral stage what causes pleasure?
sucking
mouthing
eating
biting
What may lead to fixation during the oral stage?
Overindulgence or deprivation
What are the danger zones in the Oral stage?
feeding
pacifiers
weaning
What age group is in the anal stage?
1 or 1 1/2 to 3
Where is pleasure derived from in the anal stage?
expelling and withholding feces
What stage is it best to do toilet training?
anal
Superego develops in what stage?
anal
Slobs or over-neat people could have experienced problems at which of Freud’s stages?
anal
What age group is the Phallic stage?
3-6
Pleasure is derived from what during the Phallic stage?
fondling with the genitals
The phalic stage is a ________ _________ point of development
very important
What complex develops during the Phallic stage?
Oedipus complex
Define the Oedipus complex:
sexual attraction to the parent of the opposite sex and jealousy of the other parent
Castration Anxiety and Penis envy occur during what stage?
Phallic
Define castration anxiety:
fear of loosing the penis
Define penis envy:
the want to have a penis
Define identification:
defense mechanism used to combat anxiety
In the Phallic stage identification is used as a result of _____
penis envy
Gender-role socialization happens in what stage?
phallic
The latency stage consist of what age group?
6-puberty
Latency stage contains no what?
interest in sexuality
Psychic energy is diverted to what during the latency stage?
education and other pursuits
What age group makes up the genital group?
adolescence-death
What type of relationships are established during this stage?
mature sexual relationships
Define defense mechanisms:
unconscious strategies to reduce neurotic anxiety
Define anxiety:
intense negative emotional experience
During anxiety the id does what?
threaten to become uncontrollable
Define denial:
refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatening situation
Define repression:
pushing threatening or conflicting events or situations out of conscious memory
Define rationalization:
making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior
Define projection;
placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts belong to them
Define reaction formula:
forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of one’s threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts
Define displacement:
expressing feelings that would be threatning if directed at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target
define regression:
falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with stressful situations
Define compensation:
trying to make up for areas in which a lack is perceived by becoming superior in some areas
Define sublimation:
turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors
Freud’s theory on personality is impossible to ______
disprove
Current research has found support for what 2 parts of Freud’s theory?
defense mechanisms
unconsciousness influencing conscious behaviors
Some of Freud’s theory cannot be________
scientifically researched
Neo-Freudians were:
trained by Freud, but rejected some major points
Neo-Freudians had a greater emphasis on what?
ego
Neo-Freudians had less emphasis on what?
sex
Neo-Freudians gave more attention to what?
social factors on personality development