Test 4 Flashcards
What is pyelonephritis?
Acute or chronic infection of the kidneys, ureters, or renal pelvis, often causing flank pain, fever, and urinary symptoms.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
A condition marked by >» 3.5 g/day of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia •
What is chronic glomeruonephritis?
Progressive glomeruli damage that can lead to chronic kidney failure; causes include diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Sudden decline in kidney function with decreased GFR and accumulation of nitrogenous waist.
What is urosepsis?
A formation of stones in the urinary tract; includes nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis.
What are signs of bladder cancer?
Painless hematara, urgency, frequency; diagnosed vid cystoscope.
What is end-stage renal disease (esrd)?
Less than 10% of renal function remaining, requiring dialysis or transplant.
What is furosemide (lasix)?
A loop diuretic used for hypertension; may cause hypokalemia and ototoxicity.
What is hydrochlorothiazide?
A thiazide diuretic used for hypertension and edema; less potent than loop diuretics.
What is spironolactone?
A potassium - sparing diuretic that blacks aldosterone: used for heart failure and hypertension.
What is triamterene?
A potassium-sparing diuretic that directly inhibits Na/K exchange in the nephron.
What is amiloride?
A potassium sparing diuretic often used to prevent hypokalimia Fran other diuretics.
What is mannitol?
An osmotic diuretic used to treat anemia in CKD and chemotherapy patients.
What is phenazapyridine
A urinary analgesic that turns urine red orange; used for UTI symptom relief.
Whaat is trimethoprim / sulfamethotarde (bacterium)?
An antibiotic used for UTI’s; inhibits folic acid synthesis.
What does GFR stand for?
Glomerular filtration rate; measures kidney function.
What is BUN?
Blood urea nitrogen; elevated levels indicate renal impairment.
What is creatinine?
A waste product used to assess the kidney function; elevated when GFR is low.
What is RAAS?
Renin - angiotensin _ aldosterone system; regulate BP and fluid balance.
What does ADH do?
Promotes water reabscrption in kidneys to increase blood volume and pressure.
What is amp/bmp?
Natriuretic peptides that promote vasodilation and natriuresis.
What is calcitriol?
Active form of vitamin D; aids calcian/phosphate absorption
What is erythropoietin?
A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
What is azotemia?
Accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in blood without symptoms.
What is uremia?
Clinical syndrome due to renal failure with systemic symptoms.
