test 4

Question 1

The shared preferences and interests of a social group, which influence their buying habits and brand choices.

Answer 1

Taste culture

Question 2

Products or brands consumers buy to visibly display their social status or success.

Answer 2

Status symbols

Question 3

Using purchases to communicate one’s social standing or wealth to others.

Answer 3

Status signaling

Question 4

A ranking of consumers based on social standing, affecting their access to products and services.

Answer 4

Status hierarchy

Question 5

The ability of consumers to move between social classes, often tied to changes in income or lifestyle.

Answer 5

Social mobility

Question 6

A consumer’s position in society based on income, education, and occupation, influencing their consumption patterns

Answer 6

Social class

Question 7

The wealthiest 1% of consumers, whose spending habits often focus on exclusivity and luxury.

Answer 7

One Percenter

Question 8

The social status consumers associate with certain professions, which can influence their purchasing preferences.

Answer 8

Occupational prestige

Question 9

Consumers who have recently gained wealth and often make purchases to showcase their new status

Answer 9

Nouveau riches

Question 10

A large group of consumers who can afford quality products but not high-end luxury goods.

Answer 10

Mass class

Question 11

A segment of consumers who use their wealth to engage in luxury lifestyles and purchases that symbolize status

Answer 11

Leisure class

Question 12

When consumers buy expensive items to provoke envy or show superiority over others.

Answer 12

Invidious distinction

Question 13

The gap between high- and low-income consumers, shaping their access to products and the types of brands they purchase

Answer 13

Income inequality

Question 14

The level of optimism or pessimism consumers feel about their financial stability, which affects their spending behavior.

Answer 14

Consumer confidence

Question 15

When consumers purchase luxury items to signal wealth or social status to others.

Answer 15

Conspicuous consumption

Question 16

A marketing strategy that relies on content being shared widely and quickly through social media or word-of-mouth.

Answer 16

Viral marketing

Question 17

The tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working in a group compared to working alone.

Answer 17

Social loafing

Question 18

The idea that people define themselves based on the groups they belong to (e.g., sports teams or brands).

Answer 18

Social identity theory

Question 19

A framework used in marketing and business to work efficiently in teams, often breaking work into small, manageable tasks.

Answer 19

Scrum:

Question 20

A group that affects a person’s attitudes or behaviors, either through admiration, membership, or avoidance.

Answer 20

Reference group

Question 21

Trusted individuals whose advice or recommendations influence others’ buying decisions.

Answer 21

Opinion leaders

Question 22

Unwritten rules or expectations about how people should behave in a group.

Answer 22

Norms

Question 23

When unhappy customers share bad reviews or complaints about a product, spreading a negative reputation.

Answer 23

Negative word-of-mouth

Question 24

A group someone is part of (like friends or coworkers) that influences their behavior.

Answer 24

Membership reference group

Question 25

Influential people on social media who spread information about brands or products to a large audience.

Answer 25

Mass connectors:

Question 26

A person who loves to share their knowledge about products, services, and deals, influencing others’ decisions.

Answer 26

Market maven

Question 27

Adjusting behavior to align with what others are doing to fit in.

Answer 27

Conformity

Question 28

Excitement and talk generated around a product or brand, often spread quickly by word-of-mouth or social media.

Answer 28

Buzz

Question 29

Groups someone actively avoids being associated with, influencing them to reject certain products or behaviors.

Answer 29

Avoidance groups

Question 30

A group someone admires and wants to be like, which influences their choices.

Answer 30

Aspirational reference group

Question 31

A flexible, fast-paced marketing approach that adjusts strategies based on customer feedback and results.

Answer 31

Agile marketing

Question 32

Using a specific theme (e.g., nature, nostalgia, or futuristic designs) to create a memorable shopping experience that resonates emotionally with consumers.

Answer 32

Retail theming

Question 33

The study of how wait times impact consumer satisfaction, influencing their perception of service quality.

Answer 33

Queuing theory

Question 34

A consumer’s subjective perception of time, which can affect their shopping behavior (e.g., feeling rushed vs. having leisure time to browse).

Answer 34

Psychological time

Question 35

Temporary retail spaces that create urgency and exclusivity, encouraging consumers to explore products they may not usually encounter.

Answer 35

Pop-up stores

Question 36

In-store marketing tools like displays, signs, or promotions designed to catch shoppers’ attention and encourage immediate purchases.

Answer 36

Point-of-purchase (POP) stimuli

Question 37

When consumers exchange used products with others (e.g., through thrift shops or peer-to-peer platforms), reflecting shifts toward sustainability and shared consumption.

Answer 37

Lateral cycling

Question 38

A practice of observing consumers in their natural shopping environment to gain insights into their behaviors and needs.

Answer 38

Gemba

Question 39

The intentional design of a store’s environment (e.g., lighting, music, scents) to influence a consumer’s mood, behavior, and likelihood of purchasing.

Answer 39

Atmospherics

Question 40

Retail spaces designed to engage consumers by allowing them to participate in activities, enhancing the shopping experience and building brand loyalty.

Answer 40

Activity stores

Question 41

A theory that explains consumer satisfaction by comparing expectations to actual product performance (positive disconfirmation exceeds expectations, negative disconfirmation falls short).

Answer 41

Expectancy disconfirmation model

Question 42

A consumer’s evaluation of a product or service based on whether it meets or exceeds their expectations.

Answer 42

Consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction (CS/D)