Test 4 Flashcards
How ae sketches used at the start of the design process
Sketching can be used right at the start of the design task. In this type there can be more writing than sketching. The sketches would just be rough and lack detail but still enable an exploration of concepts. They are more about understanding and considering what the stakeholders want, who the product is for and what it needs to do
How are sketches used in first initial ideas
First initial ideas are often communicated through sketches however they would still be very rough and are a quick way for designers to get their initial ideas on paper and explore solutions.
How are sketches used in a later stage of the design process
Sketching can also be used at a later stage to help explain the design concept, a products function, structure and form or a specific detail in the design. These sketches communicate in a clear manner focusing on explaining the idea rather than selling it. They are often produced to get stakeholder feedback
How are sketches used to sell the product
This involves sketching a product in use and creating a story board. Some designers may prefer to use CAD program or more formal illustrations at this stage
What are 2D sketches
Flat drawings that only show 2 dimension
What are 3D sketches
Drawings in 3 dimensions that show depth
What is perspective drawing
A 3D sketching technique that shows objects in proportion
What is an oblique drawing
A simple 3D sketching technique with one face of the item square on and other angled lines to give depth
What is isometric drawings
It is a 3D drawing technique which parallel lines at 30 degree angles are applied to the sides of the drawn object. These designs can be drawn using drawing equipment on an isometric grid underlay however many designers use freehand sketching in order to produce quick useful sketches.
What does adding details later on in the design process do
This provides essential information for stakeholders and helps a designer to give a more realistic view of their product eg. the overall size of the object and how it would be used
What is iterative design
A design process based on a cyclic process of prototyping , testing, reflecting, analysing, evaluating or refining a product or process. The process occurs over and over again to achieve the optimum design
What do working drawings include
Dimensions, details of components, materials and assembly instructions
What are orthographic projections
2D sketches that show different views eg. front, side and sectional views
What is sketch modelling
They are simple physical models made of soft, low, easy to work materials such as cardboard styrofoam, foam board or calico. They are usually used to explore or create initial ideas and can provide 2D and 3D models to physically test with users and other stakeholders
What are exploded diagrams
They are 3D view of how each design fits together and show how a product can be assembled and how the separate parts fit together with dotted lines showing where the parts slide into place. The diagrams also show components that would usually be hidden in a solid drawing
What is mathematical modelling
Mathematic modelling is the representation of a real situation but rather than a physical model, it uses mathematical concepts and language. For example, mathematic modelling and computerised simulation software can be used to test circuits and mechanical devices without the need to physically build them. As no physical components are used, this is a cost effective process that means money isn’t wasted on expensive parts. Modelling is also quick and can speed up the production process. It can predict stresses on components which means parts can be strengthened before physical prototypes are built.
What are flowcharts and how are they used
Flowcharts are diagrams of connected shapes, combined to represent instructions to a workflow or process. Different shapes in a flowchart represent different types of operation. A designer may use a flowchart to represent how a product should be operated, repaired or maintained to the owner. For example, if a common household electronic product such as a dishwasher displayed an error, a flowchart could be used to help identify the issue and find a suitable solution.
What are schematic diagrams used for
They are used to show the arrangement of components in electrical and mechanical systems. They are used to indicate the relative points of interconnection of the components within a system as a whole
What are focus groups
An organised discussion led by a moderator where a group of people are asked about their views and experiences, perceptions of an attitudes towards a product, brand, service, idea, advertisement or packaging
What is user centred designs
It is based on the understanding of users, the tasks they do and the environments in which they live and work. Users are involved at every stage throughout design and development of products. Design is driven and refined by user evaluation and feedback, and user centred designed considers the whole user experience.
Some methods are focus groups, questionaries and interviews
What is systems thinking
It is the understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system of other products and systems. In the iterative design process, consideration if the role of all components and sub-systems of the product or system, including the user experience and the marketing of the object being designed, ensures all aspects of the product are given the required attention to detail. The Apple iPod is a good example as not only is it well designed but the process of purchasing it, downloading a song or upgrading its software is also a smooth and easy process. The customer service and recycling scheme, encouraging customers to upgrade to newer models is also very good. Apple have considered the entire experience of the product.
What is collaboration
It is working with others for mutual benefit. This can be used in design to add complexity to a design project. Effective collaboration between designers, developers users and other stakeholders can be the difference between success and failure
