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Test 4 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

They are neurons that go from the receptors to CNS

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2
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

They are neurons that go from the cns to effectors (the bodies response)

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3
Q

Inter neurons

A

They are basically the neurons that Make the final decision

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of Glial Cells

A

Oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath around axon)
Ependymal cells (secrete and circulate CFS)
Microglia (provide a defense against pathogens)
Astrocytes (abundant type)

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5
Q

Two types of glial cells in the PNS

A

Schwann cells (envelope axons of PNS )
Satellite cells (surrounds nerve cell bodies)

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6
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Only generated at the nodes of ranvier, voltage gated ion channels are concentrated.

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7
Q

Why does the size in myelinated affect the speed of nerve impulse

A

Because the Larger and myelinated the neuron the faster it goes, the smaller unMyelinated the neuron the slower it goes

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8
Q

Myelin is produced by what in the CNS

A

The oligodendrocytes processes they wrap around small portions axons immediately

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9
Q

Myelination in the PNS

A

Schwann cell spirals repeatedly around a axon and have no cytoplasm between layers

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10
Q

Neurolemma is the

A

Thick, outtermost coil, contains Schwann cells nucleus and no cytoplasm

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11
Q

Voltage value for a RMP

A

-70 before the threshold and- 55 after

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12
Q

What is a multi polar neuron

A

One axon, A LOT of dendrites

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13
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

One axon, one dendrite

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14
Q

Unipolar is

A

One axon, 2 dendrites recieve/send signals

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15
Q

Anaxonic Neuron

A

Many dendrites but no axon

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16
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Obligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in CNS deteriorate , have scar tissue

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17
Q

Tay-Sachs desease

A

Heredity disorder seen in European Jewish ancestry (babies)
Myelin sheath is missing enzyme that degrades

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18
Q

Shingles

A

Made by chickenpox, localized disease caused by virus traveling down the sensory nerves by fast retrograde when immune system is being compromised

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19
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Loss of motor function due to degeneration dopamine-releasing neurons

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20
Q

Anterograde

A

The cell uses this by the material from soma going down the axon

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21
Q

Retrograde transport

A

The cell uses this by moving material toward the soma by the axon

22
Q

How does viruses hijack axon transport

A

By fast retrograde: they return used material from the synaptic vessels toward the soma to inform conditions so then, viruses use anterograde to go back down the axon.

23
Q

What is an epidural

A

Between the scheath and myelin space, it has loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and blood vessels which blocks out pain.

24
Q

Site and action of spinal tap

A

It’s in the lumbar cistern, when they need CSF for clinical procedure

25
Q

How many nerves are in the spinal cord

A

There are 31 pairs
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

26
Q

Layers associated with nerves

A

Deep- endoneurium (loose connective tissue)
Next- perineurim (overlapping cells what wrap fascicles)
Outter (Epineurium wrap entire blood vessels that penetrate connective tissue)

27
Q

Where is the posterior root ganglion located

A

Contains neurosomas , Carrie’s signals to spinal nerves

28
Q

How does a plexus happen?

A

All the ramus form together a web and form a plexuses (only anterior ramus)

29
Q

The denticulate ligament

A

Anchoring spinal cord to the sides and produces by the pia matter and provides stability

30
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of nerves that from a horse tail (L2-S5)

31
Q

There are specific nerves coming out of the plexuses:
And no plexus:

A

Cervical: Frenic nerve form your diaphragm (can’t breath)
Brachial:The arms,shoulder, neck (radial,ulner , median
NO THORACIC PLEXUS

32
Q

Another name for the Autonomic NS

A

Viceseral division = Motor

33
Q

Posterior root has

A

They have sensory affected neurosomas , carry to spinal cord

34
Q

Proprioception

A

Awareness of where you are

35
Q

Brain stem

A

Medulla, Pons and midbrain

36
Q

Cerebrum

A

Lobes of the brain

37
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamuses: Thalmus, epithalmus, hypothalamus

38
Q

How do the right and left hemispheres connect with each other

A

Through the corpus collosum (bottom)

39
Q

CFS

A

Produce: Glial cellls (epidimal cells)
Where? Coroid plexus
They go? Through ventricles and drain through archnoid ventrulation

40
Q

Functions associated with the lobes

A

Frontal: making decisions
Temporal: hearing processing
Parietal: sensory processing
Occipital: visual processing
Insula: emotional regulation

41
Q

what structure ends with the spinal cord

A

The medullary cone (most inferior part) then cauda equina (bundle of nerves what are representing a horse tail)

42
Q

They are thick and fold on the cerebrum

A

Gyri

43
Q

They groove in between the gyri

A

Sulcus

44
Q

They groove deep to separate cerebral hemispheres

A

Fissure

45
Q

Synapses

A

An action potential tiggers a synaptic vesicle which has neurotransmitters to bind with plasma membrane and they release into synaptic cleft, CAM’s attach neurons together to interact with receptors, and post synaptic density is a neurotransmitter to receptors
-remove neurotransmitters from receptors they need an enzyme or transport protein so they can stop stimulating.

46
Q

In the brain grey matter is

A

Outermost layer and white matter innermost

47
Q

In the spinal cord the grey matter is

A

Innermost and white matter outermost

48
Q

Layers of meninges

A

Outter : Dura matter
Next: Archnoid matter
Deep: Pia matter

49
Q

Rostral is

A

Toward the forehead

50
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the spine

51
Q

Action potential

A

1- Local potential goes to axon hillock
2- -70 goes into a threshold (-55)
3- Voltage gates sodium ions open and sodium goes into membrane (depolarized)
-voltage gated potassium channels slowly open
-sodium channels close
4- voltage peaks at 35 and sodium stops flowing, more positive inside the membrane
5- voltage gated potassium channels open (repolorized) cells flow out and it begins to be negative inside
6- potassium overpolorized (hyper polarized)
7- leakege into cell and start over

52
Q

Nerve signal in a myelinated axon

A

1- sodium inflow at node generates action potential
2- positive charge flows rapidly along axon and depolarizes mem. (Signal grows weaker)
3- Depolarization of mem at next gap opens voltage-gated sodium channels, (new action potential)

Test 4 (1 decks)

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