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Adult health 2 > test 4 > Flashcards

test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

arthroplasty

A

replacement surgery

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2
Q

resurfacing

A

reconstruction surgery

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3
Q

preop for joint replacement

A

See pain level, what exactly there ROM is, compare one side to the opposite side.
Educate about post op expectations

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4
Q

postop for joint replacement

A

neurovascular assessment- Pulses, orientation, sensation, pupils, strength
anticoagulant therapy
monitor for infection
pain management

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5
Q

care for hip replacement

A

abduction pillow- keep joints out
avoid 90 degree flexion
avoid rotation
increase seat height
sleep on unaffected side
no crossing legs

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6
Q

amputation causes

A

middle and older adults- PVD, atherosclerosis, DM

young- trauma

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7
Q

post op care of amputations

A

prevent flexions, limb bandages, elevate limb, vitals, dressing, ambulation considerations

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8
Q

benign bone tumors

A

most common type of bone tumor

types- osteochondroma (overgrowth), osteoclastoma (destruction bone), endochroma

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9
Q

malignant bone tumor

A

not as common

types- osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, ewings sarcoma

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10
Q

bone tumors

A

Children is more common to originate in bone, adult is more common to metastasize to bone

assess for pain, anemia, decreased mobility, circulation, sensation

prevent fractures
monitor for hypercalcemia due to bone breakdown

best treatment- chemo/radiation

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11
Q

injection med that helps stop bone breakdown

A

xgeva

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12
Q

causes and dx of intervertebral disc disease

A

causes- degenerative disk disease, herniated disk

dx- xray, myelogram, CT, EMG (for nerves)

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13
Q

invertebrate disc disease manifestations

A

low back pain
radicular pain
leg raise pain
absent/diminished reflex
prothesis
muscle weakness
incontinence

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14
Q

invertebrate disc disease care

A

brace
heat/ice
traction
TENS unit
NSAID, opioid, muscle relaxants (we tense when in pain), anti seizure (nerve pain), antidepressants

surgeries: laminectomy, discectomy, spinal fusion

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15
Q

sign of CSF leakage

A

bad headache

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16
Q

what to assess if bone graph

A

the donor and the receiver site.

common donor site- iliac crest

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17
Q

stable vertebrae fracture

A

no displacement, no pain

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18
Q

greenstick fracture

A

doesnt break all the way through

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19
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone breaks into a bunch of peices

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20
Q

oblique fracture

A

the break is at a angle

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21
Q

stress fracture

A

caused by repetitive movement

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22
Q

spiral fracture

A

bone broken caused by a twisting motion

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23
Q

fractures manifestations

A

localized pain
decreased function
inability to bear weight
guard movement
deformity

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24
Q

myositis ossifications

A

calcium deposits in soft tissue

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25
Q

delayed union

A

takes longer for bone to grow

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26
Q

malunion

A

bone didnt grow back together in perfect alignment

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27
Q

nonunion

A

never grew back together

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28
Q

closed reduction vs open reduction for fracture

A

closed- nonsurgical

open-surgical. infection risk. early amputation encourages

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29
Q

traction

A

pulling force to attain alignment- counter-traction pulls in opposite direction

these weights need to dangle- not touch ground

patient will always be laying supine when doing this

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30
Q

bucks traction (skin)

A

short term use (48-72hr)
5-10 lb skin
not surgical- applied to skin by boot

make sure to assess the skin under the cover

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31
Q

balanced suspension traction

A

long term pull to maintain alignment
goes directly into bone
4-45 lbs

infection risk, consider how patient will move around and prevent sores. too much weight can cuase issues such as malunion

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32
Q

plaster vs synthetic cast

A

synthetic cast can get wet, and is more recommended

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33
Q

what is a sling used for

A

to prevent the bone from dangling and to prevent swelling

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34
Q

compartment syndrome

A

caused by arterial flow compromised, leading to ischemia, cell death and loss of function. can be caused by decreased compartment size or increased compartment contents.

do not elevate above heart- can create even worse blood flow.
dont use ice- impairs flow
reduce traction weight
fasciotomy

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35
Q

external fixation

A

trying to fix bone from outside. assess the pins

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36
Q

internal fixation

A

bone is fixed by the inside by screws and pins

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37
Q

why use TDAP for fractures

A

if we are introducing metal to fix it

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38
Q

nutriton for fractires

A

increase protein, vitamins, Ca, Mg, P, increase fluid intake, increase fiber

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39
Q

care for fractures

A

ice for first 24 hours
elevate first 48 hours

report increased pain, swelling, burning/tingling, foul odors

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40
Q

5 ambulation techniques

A

non weight bearing
touch-down/toe touch weight bearing
partial weight bearing
weight bearing as tolerated
full weight bearing

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41
Q

ischemic stroke

A

lack of oxygen to brain cells

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42
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

hemorrhage in brain that results in death of brain cells

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43
Q

common complications of stroke

A

hemaparesis, inability to walk, complete or partial dependence for ADLS, dysphagia, depression

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44
Q

Stroke

A

also called CVA

2 types- ischemic, hemorrhagic

5th most common cause of death in US

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45
Q

Risk factors of stroke

A

non-modifiable-
age above 55
more common in men, but more women are most likely to die
african americans
genetics

modifiable-
HTN**
heart disease (AFIB)
cholesterol
smoking
DM
drug/alcohol (cocaine)
obesity
metabolic syndrome
sleep apnea
lack of exercise

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46
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

mini strokes
**at risk for having a large stroke

WARNING SIGN
caused by micro-emboli, doesn’t cause infarction of brain

symptoms usually last less than a hour

important to educate patient to seek medical attention with any stroke like symptoms

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47
Q

types of ischemic stroke

A

thrombotic-most common

embolic

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48
Q

types of hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracerebral
subarachnoid

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49
Q

ischemic thrombotic stroke

A

Occurs from injury to a blood vessel wall and formation of a blood clot

Results in narrowing of blood vessel

more common in older people with htn, DM

manifestations may occur in first 72 hours

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50
Q

for most patients with ____ stroke they do not have a decreased LOC for at least 24 hours

A

ischemic

unless due to other conditions like seizures

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51
Q

embolic ischemic stroke

A

Occurs when an embolus lodges in and occludes a cerebral artery resulting in infarction and edema in that area

patients with this have severe manifestations that occur suddenly
-warning signs are less common in this

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52
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

bleeding in brain caused by ruptured vessel

sudden onset of symptoms
poor prognosis, high mortality
often occurs in basal gaglia

caused by HTN, anticoagulant and thrombolytic drugs. also ruptured aneursyms, brain tumors

often happens in pons- bad because thats where breathing is in brain

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53
Q

manifestations of intracerebral hemorrhage

A

headache, N/V, decreased LOC, HTN

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54
Q

right sided brain stroke manifestations

A

will effect left side

paralyzed left side- hemoplegia
left sided neglect
spatial perceptual deficits
rapid performence, short attention span
impulsive- safety issues
impaired judgement
impaired time concepts

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55
Q

left sided brain stroke manifestations

A

affects right side of brain

paralyzed right side - hemiplegia
impaired speech/language
impaired discrimination
slow performance
aware of deficits- anxiety, depression
impaired comprehension of math, langauge, etc

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56
Q

what can be affected in stoke- motor functions

A

mobility
resp function
swallowing and speech
gag reflex
self care abilities

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57
Q

receptive aphasia

A

loss of comprehension of what someone is trying to tell you

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58
Q

expressive aphasia

A

loss of production of language- difficulty speaking

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59
Q

global aphasia

A

total inability to communicate- both understanding and speaking

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60
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty communicating- they can but its hard

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61
Q

dysarthia

A

difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak

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62
Q

spatial perceptual alterations of stroke

A

more common in right side stroke

can cause incorrect perception of self and illness, unilateral neglect of affected side, agnosia (inability to recognize a object by sight, touch, or hearing), apraxia (inability to carry out sequence movements on command)

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62
Q

affect and intellectual function of stoke

A

patients may have difficulty controlling their emotion

memory and judgement may be impaired

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63
Q

is stroke issues with urinary and bowel usually more permanent or temporary

A

temporary

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64
Q

diagnostics for stroke

A

used to confirm its a stroke and identify cause

**CT scan
MRI

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65
Q

Drugs to prevent ischemic stoke

A

antiplatelets
-aspirin
-clopidogrel (plavix)

Recominant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - must be administered within 6 hours of symptoms. used to reestablish blood flow through a blocked artery to prevent cell death.
maintain good BP while taking

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66
Q

surgical intentions wits TIA from carotid disease

A

carotid endarectomy- reroutes blood flow
transliminal angioplasty- opens stenosed artery in blood flow
stenting

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67
Q

what is critical information we want to know of ischemic strokes

A

time of onset of symptoms.

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68
Q

care for ischemic stroke

A

have baseline neuro assessment

know that elevated BP is common immediately after stroke

adequate hydration
monitor UO
manage airway, breathing, circulation
maintain glycemic control

monitor for increased intracranial pressure- more common in hemorrhagic but can still happen. if happens elevate HOB. prevent seizures

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69
Q

what does NIH stroke scale look at

A

LOC
responsiveness to questions
responsiveness to commands
pupillary response
gaze
visual feilds
dysarthia
motor arm and leg
ataxia
sensory
language
facial palsy
extinction

best score is 0
mild to moderate is 4-20
severe is over 20 points

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70
Q

care for hemorrhagic stroke

A

manage ABCs and intracranial pressure

management of HTN is main focus for this pt

DONT GIVE anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors

surgeries- resection, clipping a aneurysm, evacuation of hematomas

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71
Q

3 types of headaches

A

migraine
cluster
tension

72
Q

tension headaches

A

“stress headache” most common
characterized by bilateral location and pressing or tightening qualities

can last from mins to days. could be episodic or chronic

photophobia
phonophobia

does not involve N/V

73
Q

migraine headaches

A

characterized by throbbing pain

unilateral
triggering events- light, sound, smell sensitivity

manifestations relate to neuro and autonomic nervous system

more common in women in 20s-30s

could be with or without aura
without aura- “common migraines”
with aura- “classic migraines”

74
Q

aura

A

neuro symptoms like visual distortion, or motor symptoms that come before a headache

75
Q

what triggers headaches

A

food
menstruation
head trauma
fatigue
stress
missed meals
weather
drugs

76
Q

common foods that cause headaches

A

chocolate, cheese, oranges, tomatoes, onions, alcohol

77
Q

cluster headaches

A

most severe form. sharp, typically around eye
repeated clusters lasting 2 weeks-3 months that occur every day around same time, but will go in remission

age of onset 20-45
more common in men

alcohol, weather changes, and napping are triggers

78
Q

drugs for tension headaches

A

ASA, acetaminophen, NSAIDs

79
Q

drugs for migraines

A

ASA, NSAIDs, triptans, combination meds

80
Q

drugs for cluster headaches

A

triptans, verapamil

81
Q

what is a seizure

A

uncontrolled discharge of electrodes in brain

82
Q

most common cause of seizures in age 2-20

A

birth injury
infection
head trauma
genetic factors

83
Q

most common cause of seizures in age 20-30

A

structural lesions like trauma, brain tumor or vascular disease

84
Q

most common cause of seizure after age 50

A

stroke
metastatic brain tumor

85
Q

how many cases of seizures is idiopathic

A

1/3

86
Q

three classes of seizures

A

generalized
focal
unknown

87
Q

four phases of seizures

A

prodromal- behavior changes before seizure
aural- sensory warning before seizure
ictal- from symptom per symptom to end of seizure
postictal- recovery phase

88
Q

tonic clonic seizure

A

generalized

loss of consciousness and falling
tonic- stiffening
clonic- jerking

cyanosis, salivation, tongue/cheek bitting, incontinence

postical phase- muscle soreness, fatigue, sleepy, no memory of seizure

drugs-Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Divalproex
Clonazapam (Klonopin)

89
Q

generalized seizure

A

involves both sides of brain

90
Q

focal seizure

A

involves one hemisphere of the brain

91
Q

tonic seizure

A

generalized

stiff muscles, increases tone
affects both side of body
usually last for 20 secs
usually remains conscious

92
Q

clonic seizure

A

generalized motor

loss of consciousness and muscle tone
limb jerking may or may not be symmetric
uncommon

93
Q

atonic seizures

A

generalized motor

absent tone- loss of muscle tone resulting in drop to ground.
usually lasts less than 15 seconds

94
Q

absence seizures

A

nonmotor generalized

usually only occurs in children
“day dreaming” or staring spell for about 10 secs and could occur for up to 100 times a day

95
Q

atypical seizure

A

generalized nonmotor

could continue into adulthood. starts with eye blinking or jerking of lips, as well as a staring spell.

typically last 10-30 secs

96
Q

myoclonic seizures

A

generalized nonmotor

characterized by rhythmic arm abduction (3 movements per sec) progressive arm elevation lasting 10-60 secs

97
Q

eyelid myoclonia

A

jerking of eyelids in upward deviation

98
Q

focal seizures

A

begin in one hemisphere in a specific region of cortex

focal aware of focal impaired awareness

drugs-Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Phenobarbital
Divalproex
pregabalin (lyrica)

99
Q

focal aware

A

conscious and alert, but experience unusual feeling that can take many forms, such as joy, anger or sadness

100
Q

focal impaires awareness

A

could have loss of consciousness or altered producing dream like experience,

may have strange behaviors like lip smacking
memory loss can occur

last between 30 secs to 2 mins

patients may be tired and confused after

101
Q

motor vs nonmotor seizure

A

motor-Atonic, tonic, clonic, myoclonic, epileptic spasms

non motor- Emotional manifestations, strange feelings or symptoms

102
Q

psychogenic seizures

A

can be misdiagnosed as seizure disorder but is caused by some history of emotional or physical abuse

103
Q

status elipticus

A

most complex seizure - neuro emergency
can occur with any type of seizure

last longer than 5 mins.
the longer the seizure, the less likely it will stop without drug therapy.

convulsive SE is most common could lead to respiratory issues, cardio, brain death etc..
there is also nonconvulsive SE and refratory

treated w lorazepam, diazepam

104
Q

SUDEP

A

sudden unexpected death of someone with epilepsy who was otherwise healthy; affects about 1 in 150 persons with uncontrolled seizures each year.

105
Q

Seizure complications

A

injuries or death
psychosocial issues

106
Q

seizure diagnostics

A

EEG - not definite
CT/MRI
health history and accurate history of seizure

107
Q

care for seizures

A

no cure, prevent

antiseizure drugs

108
Q

phenytoin teaching

A

avoid alcohol
may discolor urine
good oral hygeine is needed- could cause gum hyperplasia
take directly as ordered, dont stop abruptly

109
Q

acute care during seizure

A

maintain airway
turn to side
ease to floor
support head

110
Q

after the seizure care

A

suctioning or oxygen as needed

pad bedrails
med alert bracelet
pt education

111
Q

primary brain tumor vs secondary

A

primary- arises from tissue within brain

secondary- metastasizes from elsewhere in body

112
Q

what is the most common metastasizing cancers

A

breast and lung

113
Q

primary brain tumors

A

**gliomas
**meningioma

acoustic neuroma
pituitary adenoma
hemangioblastoma
primary CNS lymphoma

114
Q

why do primary brain tumors rarely metastasize

A

due to the meninges and blood brain barrier

115
Q

manifestations of tumor

A

depends on location and size of tumor

headaches
seizures
N/V
cognitive dysfunction
muscle weakness
aphasia
cerebral edema

116
Q

diagnostics of brain tumor

A

MRI and PET- most reliable
EEG-rule out seizures
cerebral angiography- localize tumor
biopsy
endocrine studies

117
Q

care for brain tumors

A

removing or decreasing size

surgery is preferred option
ventricular stunt- will drain fluid into peritoneal cavity
radiation
chemo

118
Q

nursing management of brain tumor

A

remain normal ICP and maximum neuro function

have baseline data
maintain LOC
sensory perception
ADLs
motor abilities
maintain bowel and bladder function

119
Q

types of cranial surgery

A

Burr Hole
Craniotomy
Craniectomy
Cranioplasty
Stereotactic procedure
Shunt procedures

120
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery

A

for brain tumor, vasc abnormalities, CNS infections, cranial cerebral trauma, seizure disorders or retractable pain

often computer guided to aide healthcare provider to specific part of brain

121
Q

main goal of care for brain tumor durgery

A

prevent ICP!

HOB at 30 degrees
prevent coughing
use cluster care

normal ICP is 5-15 mmHg

122
Q

Gullian Barre syndrome (GBS)

A

autoimmune disease. rare, potentially fetal

acute, rapidly progressive form of poly neuropathy.
affects peripheral nervous system and results in a loss of myelin, and causes edema and inflammation to the affective nerve.

typically starts weakness and numbess in feets.

123
Q

GBS cause

A
  • The cause is thought to be an immunologic reaction directed at the peripheral nerves. It is often preceded by upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection.

usually occurs days to weeks after viral or bacterial infection

Precipitating microorganisms:
Cytomegalovirus—most common virus
Campylobacter jejuni—most common bacteria
Other:
Epstein-Barr virus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Hepatitis (A,B, E)
Zika virus
Surgery or trauma may also be triggers

124
Q

GBS manifestations

A

*ascending weakness/paralysis (symmetric)
parathesia
*hypotonia
absent reflex
HTN
orthostatic hypotension
bowel/bladder dysfunction
resp failure
infections
aspiration
paralytic ileus
atrophy
DVT/PE
pressure ulcers
impaired nutrition
pain that increases at night

125
Q

what is most serious complication of GBS

A

resp failure

126
Q

GBS diagnostics

A

H&P- progressive weakness in more than one limb, absent reflexes
labs- liver, electrolytes
CSF analysis- increase in protein
EMG
nerve conduction study (NCS)

127
Q

GBS management

A

supportive- prevent complications

acute- focus on ventilation support. may need immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis or IVIG (reduces extent and length of symptoms if started early).

assess neuro, respiratory, cardiac, temp.

recovery may start after 28 days. prognosis depends on age, infection that caused, and how rapid it was.

60% have full recovery within one year

128
Q

skin functions

A

Barrier, protects, temp regulation, vitamin D

129
Q

UVA

A

responsible for tanning.
it causes aging and wrinkling
absorbed by dermis

130
Q

UVB

A

responsible for burning
absorbed by epidermis

131
Q

skin cancer risk factors

A

fair skin
blonde/red hair
light eye color
chronic sun exposure
personal/family history of skin cancer
tanning bed use

132
Q

where does non melanoma skin cancer form

A

basement membranes

more common in local areas like ears, nose

133
Q

actinic keratosis

A

non melanoma skin cancer

can be flat or elevated
plaques and palls
caucasian older adults

could resolve on own
aggressive treatment, typically nonsurgical

134
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common non melanoma
best prognosis

in epidermal basal cells
Has dimple/depression in center
Starts small and gets larger
Has pearly/translucent color

treatment depends on size and location

135
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

non melanoma skin cancer

in keratinizing epidermal cells
often accompanies actinic keratosis
plaque type, firm nodule with indistinct borders
has potential to metastasize

agressive treatment
tobacco use and immunosuppression is a risk factor (especially reno transplant patients)

136
Q

treatment of AK

A

crycosurgery, topical medication, chemical peel

137
Q

treatment of basal cell carcinoma

A

excision, cryosurgery, radiation, chemo

138
Q

treatment of squamous cell carcinoma

A

excision, cryosurgery, radiation, chemo

139
Q

malignant melanoma

A

tumor of melanocytes
highest mortality rate

could be in GI tract, oral or geniral membranes, eyesm ears, head, neck, back/trunk (common in men), lower legs (common in women)

more common in whites but more fetal in other skin colors as it is harder to catch

dysplastic nevi is a RF

dx by biopsy

140
Q

ABCDE for melanoma

A

Asymmetry
Borders are irreg
Color change- brown, tan, black
Diameter of 6mm or more
Evolving- changing over time

141
Q

stages of melanoma

A

0- only in outer layer of skin
1- cancerous tumor formed
2- tumor classified by stage, depending on thickness and ulceration
3- spread to lymph vessels, nodes or near by skin
4- organ involement

142
Q

treatment of melanoma

A

chemo
targeted therapy
wide excision

143
Q

skin cancer guidelines

A

dont burn , go in shade
spf of 15 or higher daily
keep newborns out of sun
reapply sunscreen every 2 hours
examine skin head-toe monthly
see dermatologist yearly

144
Q

atypical/dysplastic nevi

A

increase risk of melanoma
>5mm
iregular borders, resemble melanoma

highest risk from puberty- age 40

increase risk if have multiple

145
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious
honey color crust
needs treated or wont go away

146
Q

folliculitis

A

pustule at hair follicle opening

increased risk with DM

147
Q

Cellulitis

A

hot, tender, erythematous, edematous areas with fever and chill

abx needed

148
Q

what causes most bacterial skin infections

A

staph or strep

149
Q

viral skin infection

A

herpes simplex- recurring vesicles. lifelong

herpes zoster- shingles

plantar warts- bottom of foot, pain with pressure, difficult to treat

150
Q

when should women get mammogram

A

at age 45 annually to age 54

unless needed earlier for rf

151
Q

mastalgia

A

breast pain

152
Q

mastitis

A

breast inflammation

153
Q

fibroadenoma

A

benign breast lump. biopsy needed. small and round

154
Q

gynecomastia

A

enlargement of one or both breast

more common in males

155
Q

changes in breast tissue

A

fibrocystic changes

156
Q

breast cancer RF

A

women
age greater than 50
hormone use
family/personal history
early menarche
first full time pregnancy after age 30
benign breast disease
weight gain after menopause
radiation exposure
alcohol consumption

157
Q

types of breast cancer

A

noninvasive- ductal and lobular in situ. 20%
invasive- ducal carcinoma. 80%. begins in milk dud. invasive lobular

158
Q

breast cancer manifestations

A

lump, upper outer quadrant, nipple discharge, often no pain

159
Q

cervical cancer rf ans s/s

A

HPV, immunosuppression, low socioeconomic, smoking, chlamydia, hispanic, African amer

s/s-
early- none
unusual discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, weight loss, anemia

160
Q

diagnostics for cervical cancer

A

pap smear
HPV test

161
Q

endometrial cancer

A

rf- exposed to estrogen, never been pregnant, age, obesity, smoking, dm

manifestations- abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain

dx- endometrial biopsy
Treated by hysterectomy

162
Q

ovarian cancer RF, ans S/S

A

rf- breast/colon cancer, never been pregnant, age, high fat diet, HRT

S/S- pelvic/abdominal pain, bloating, urgency/frequency, unexplained weight loss/gain, menstrual changes

163
Q

ovarian cancer treatment

A

initial treatment- total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophoerctomy with omentectomy and removal of tumor

chemo
radioisotopes
external radiation

164
Q

BPH

A

prostate gland enlarges

dx by DRE, PSA, UA

early sign- nocturia
later - decrease in stream, stopping and starting, dribbling, urinary retention

treated by tamulosin, surgery such as TURP, diet changes, voiding schedule

165
Q

care for TURP

A

Preop- abx, catheter

post op- bladder irrigation. get strict i&o

166
Q

prostate cancer

A

malignant tumor of prostate
slow growing, androgen dependent

spreads by 3 routes- direct, lymphatic, blood stream

rf- age, african american, diet high in red meat and dairy, being a farmer (pesticides)

dx- PSA, prostate tissue biopsy, gleason score

treatment depends

167
Q

prostate cancer manifestations

A

frequent urination, blood in semen/urine, weak flow, pain during urination, urge to urinate

168
Q

prostatitis

A

s/s- fever, chills, perineal pain, acute urinary symptoms, epidymitis/cystitis, sexual dysfunction

if from infection- treat with abx.
acute- 4 weeks
chronic - 4-12 weeks

noninfectious- focus on comfort

169
Q

cryptorchidism

A

Failure of testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth

170
Q

hydrocele

A

Fluid filled sac, non tender

171
Q

varicocele

A

Dilation of vein that drains testes

172
Q

orchitis

A

Acute inflammation of testes, tender and swollen

173
Q

testicular torsion

A

surgical emergency
twisting of spermatic cord that supplies blood

common in males under 20
usually from trauma or abnormality

s/s- pain, tenderness, swelling, N,V

dx by ultrasound
needs to be corrected within 4-6 hours

174
Q

penis cancer

A

rare
nontender warty lesion
typically squamous cell carcinoma

risk factor- HPV, uncircumcised

treated by laser removal, radical resection, radiation, chemo

175
Q

testicular cancer

A

most common in ages 15-34
common w undescended testes

small lump in scrotum, testicular pain, heavy feeling in scrotum, swollen testes, lower back pain

dx by ultrasound and blood work

treated by orchiectomy, possible chemo/radiation

176
Q

vasectomy

A

surgical ligation resection of the ductus deferens for sterilization

takes 15-30 mins

sperm will be reabsorbed by body

alternate form of conception needed until exam reveals no sperm- may take 6 weeks

177
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

inability to attain/maintain an erection

rf- DM, vascular disease, surgery, trauma, stress, medication

treatment- sildenafil, tadalafil, penile implants, sexual counseling

Adult health 2 (4 decks)

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