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Pharmacology Test 4 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

A

Benedryl, Atarax, Phenergan(1st Gen), Claritin (2nd Gen))
Antinasuea/antiemetic (Dramamine, Phenergan)

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2
Q

Serotonin Agonist

A

Buspirione (5-HT 1A)
Sumitriptan/Imitrex (5-HT 1B/1D)

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3
Q

Serotonin Antagonist

A

Odansetron/Zofran (5-HT3)
Phenoxybenzamine (5-HT2)
Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 and H1)
Chlorpomazine (5-HT2)

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4
Q

Migraine - Preventive Anti-seizure drug

A

Valproate, Topiramate

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5
Q

MAbs for migrane

A

Aimovig

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6
Q

Withdrawn Serotonin Weight Loss Drugs

A

(Dex)Fenfluramine/Fen-phen - 5-HT2 agonist
Lorcaserin – 5-HT2C agonist

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7
Q

Non-serotonin Weight Loss Drugs

A

Liraglutide – GLP-1 agonist (diabetes)
Orlistat – GI Lipase inhibitor

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8
Q

Dopamine Pathway “Nigrostriatal”

A

Motor Movement

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9
Q

Dopamine Pathway “Mesolimbic”

A

Reinforcement and Addiction

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10
Q

Dopamine Pathway “Mesocortical”

A

Working memory and planning

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11
Q

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Prozac, Zoloft

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12
Q

Selective serotonin-NE reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

A

Pristique, Cymbalta

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13
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

A

Elavil

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14
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Nardil
Selegiline

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15
Q

NDRI

A

Buproprion (Wellbutrin)
Solriamfetol (Sunosi)

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16
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Major depression (with SSRIs)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Amisulpride for Schizophrenia (D2 Receptor antagonist)

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17
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)’s plasma Levels

A

Therapeutic: 10-20 mcg/ml
Free phenytoin: 10% 1-2.5 mcg/ml
Toxic: 30-50 mcg/ml
Lethal: >100 mcg/ml

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18
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Anti-Seizure
Fosphenytoin (more soluble form), Drug Displacement
Protein bound, accumulation
T1/2 = 12-36 hours
Toxicity: Vision problems (Nystagmus, Loss of extra-ocular pursuit of movement, diplopia), Ataxia and Sedation, Gingival hyperplasia, Hirsutism, Skin problems (Coarsening of facial features, Rash, Skin legions)
Chronic phenytoin use makes it resistant to NMB and can enhance NMB if present in blood.

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19
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Anti-Seizure
Peaks 6-8 hr, 70% PP bound, no displacement
T1/2 = 36→20 hr
Toxicity: Diplopia, ataxia, GI, drowsiness

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20
Q

Phenobarbitol

A

Anti-Seizure
A: 70-90%, 20-45% PP bound
Phase II metabolism
Toxicity: SEDATION, hepatic enzyme inducer

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21
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Drug of choice for Absense Seizure
Complete A, No fat D, Phase II metabolism, Clearance decreased by Valproic Acid
Toxicity: GI, Lethargy, hiccup, euphoria
Only available as syrup

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22
Q

Valproic Acid (Depakene)

A

Anti-Seizure
A:80%, 90% PP bound,
T1/2 = 9-18 hr
Toxicity: Hepato, GI, sedation, fine tremor
Displaces phenytoin from proteins making it more toxic

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23
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Anti Seizure
T1/2 = 20-50 hr (active met. 50-100 hr); 20-30 minute duration

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24
Q

Lacosamide

A

Focal Seizure
Toxicity:Dizziness, nausea, HA, diplopia

25
Q

Anti Seizure drugs that are highlighted red for Partial and Generalized Seizure only

A

Gabapentin, Tiagabine, Ocarbazepine, Pregabalin

26
Q

Anti Seizure drugs that are highlighted red for all seizures including Absense seizure)

A

lomotrigine, Topiramate, Felbamate, Zonisamide, Levetiracetam

27
Q

IV Drug used for Status Epilepticus

A

Diazepam/lorazepam, Fosphenytoin, Phenobarbital

28
Q

Drugs that stimulate seizure activity

A

Methohexital
Sevoflurane
Only narcotic that stimulates seizure activity is Meperidine (Demerol)

29
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam

30
Q

Reversal agent for Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil (GABA Antagonist)

31
Q

Barbituates

A

Phenobarbital
For Anesthesia: Thiopental and Methohexital

32
Q

Sleep aids

A

Zolpidem/Ambein (non-benzodiazepine)
Eszopiclone/Lunesta

33
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytics

34
Q

Fomepizole

A

Inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase, used for Antifreeze and Methanol toxicity!

35
Q

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

A

Inhibits Aldehyde Deghydrogenase to increase Acetaldehyde, giving you hangover faster so you stop drinking! (Symptoms are Flushing, throbbing, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, and confusion
)

36
Q

Naltrexone

A

Long-acting opioid antagonist
Approved by the FDA to treat alcohol dependence
Acamprosate – Adjunctive

37
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

Rapidly inactivate the coagulation proteins
α1-antiprotease
α2-macroglobulin
α2-antiplasmin
Antithrombin

38
Q

Aminocaproic acid

A

Protect clots from lysis by competitively inhibiting plasminogen activation

39
Q

Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors

A

Unfractionated heparin (HMW)= Binds to AT 3, Factor Xa and Thrombin
LMW heparin= Binds to AT 3 and Factor Xa
Fondaparinux(Arixtra)= Binds only to AT 3

40
Q

Heparin Reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

41
Q

Hirudin

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

42
Q

Aspirin

A

Inhibition of TXA2 synthesis

43
Q

Plavix and Ticlid (Ticlopidine)

A

Irreversibly inhibit ADP receptor on platelets

44
Q

Abciximab - Monoclonal antibody

A

Antiplatelet
Target IIb/IIIa receptor complex

45
Q

Vitamin K

A

Confers activity on:
Prothrombin
Factors VII, IX, and X

46
Q

Rapid acting

A

Lispro, aspart, glulisine

47
Q

Intermediate acting

A

Neutral protamine Hagedorn

48
Q

Long acting

A

Glargine, detemir, degludec*

49
Q

1 unit of RA insulin

A

Disposes 12-15g of carbohydrate
Drops 50 mg/dL Glucose

50
Q

Insulin Secretagogues classes

A

Sulfonylureas
Meglitinide – short ½ life

51
Q

Incretin-Based Therapies

A

Glucagon-Like Polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Antagonists

52
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Tzds)

A

Avandia (causes MI)

53
Q

SGLT2 Inhibitors

A

Prevents glucose reabsorption in PCT
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)

54
Q

Statins

A

Structural analogs of HMG-CoA
Decrease cellular cholesterol synthesis

55
Q

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

A

Reduces VLDL secretion from liver

56
Q

Fibrates

A

Gemfibrozil (Lopid) and fenofibrate (Tricor)
Decrease VLDL

57
Q

Ezetimibe

A

NPCL1 Antagonist – blocks uptake of cholesterol

58
Q

Evolocumab (Repatha)

A

Monoclonal Antibodies – bind PCSK9 & inhibit

Pharmacology Test 4 (1 decks)

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