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Pharmacology Test 4 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

A

Benedryl, Atarax, Phenergan(1st Gen), Claritin (2nd Gen))
Antinasuea/antiemetic (Dramamine, Phenergan)

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2
Q

Serotonin Agonist

A

Buspirione (5-HT 1A)
Sumitriptan/Imitrex (5-HT 1B/1D)

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3
Q

Serotonin Antagonist

A

Odansetron/Zofran (5-HT3)
Phenoxybenzamine (5-HT2)
Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 and H1)
Chlorpomazine (5-HT2)

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4
Q

Migraine - Preventive Anti-seizure drug

A

Valproate, Topiramate

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5
Q

MAbs for migrane

A

Aimovig

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6
Q

Withdrawn Serotonin Weight Loss Drugs

A

(Dex)Fenfluramine/Fen-phen - 5-HT2 agonist
Lorcaserin – 5-HT2C agonist

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7
Q

Non-serotonin Weight Loss Drugs

A

Liraglutide – GLP-1 agonist (diabetes)
Orlistat – GI Lipase inhibitor

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8
Q

Dopamine Pathway “Nigrostriatal”

A

Motor Movement

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9
Q

Dopamine Pathway “Mesolimbic”

A

Reinforcement and Addiction

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10
Q

Dopamine Pathway “Mesocortical”

A

Working memory and planning

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11
Q

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Prozac, Zoloft

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12
Q

Selective serotonin-NE reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

A

Pristique, Cymbalta

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13
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

A

Elavil

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14
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Nardil
Selegiline

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15
Q

NDRI

A

Buproprion (Wellbutrin)
Solriamfetol (Sunosi)

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16
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Major depression (with SSRIs)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Amisulpride for Schizophrenia (D2 Receptor antagonist)

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17
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)’s plasma Levels

A

Therapeutic: 10-20 mcg/ml
Free phenytoin: 10% 1-2.5 mcg/ml
Toxic: 30-50 mcg/ml
Lethal: >100 mcg/ml

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18
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Anti-Seizure
Fosphenytoin (more soluble form), Drug Displacement
Protein bound, accumulation
T1/2 = 12-36 hours
Toxicity: Vision problems (Nystagmus, Loss of extra-ocular pursuit of movement, diplopia), Ataxia and Sedation, Gingival hyperplasia, Hirsutism, Skin problems (Coarsening of facial features, Rash, Skin legions)
Chronic phenytoin use makes it resistant to NMB and can enhance NMB if present in blood.

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19
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Anti-Seizure
Peaks 6-8 hr, 70% PP bound, no displacement
T1/2 = 36→20 hr
Toxicity: Diplopia, ataxia, GI, drowsiness

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20
Q

Phenobarbitol

A

Anti-Seizure
A: 70-90%, 20-45% PP bound
Phase II metabolism
Toxicity: SEDATION, hepatic enzyme inducer

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21
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Drug of choice for Absense Seizure
Complete A, No fat D, Phase II metabolism, Clearance decreased by Valproic Acid
Toxicity: GI, Lethargy, hiccup, euphoria
Only available as syrup

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22
Q

Valproic Acid (Depakene)

A

Anti-Seizure
A:80%, 90% PP bound,
T1/2 = 9-18 hr
Toxicity: Hepato, GI, sedation, fine tremor
Displaces phenytoin from proteins making it more toxic

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23
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Anti Seizure
T1/2 = 20-50 hr (active met. 50-100 hr); 20-30 minute duration

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24
Q

Lacosamide

A

Focal Seizure
Toxicity:Dizziness, nausea, HA, diplopia

25
Anti Seizure drugs that are highlighted red for Partial and Generalized Seizure only
Gabapentin, Tiagabine, Ocarbazepine, Pregabalin
26
Anti Seizure drugs that are highlighted red for all seizures including Absense seizure)
lomotrigine, Topiramate, Felbamate, Zonisamide, Levetiracetam
27
IV Drug used for Status Epilepticus
Diazepam/lorazepam, Fosphenytoin, Phenobarbital
28
Drugs that stimulate seizure activity
Methohexital Sevoflurane Only narcotic that stimulates seizure activity is Meperidine (Demerol)
29
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam
30
Reversal agent for Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil (GABA Antagonist)
31
Barbituates
Phenobarbital For Anesthesia: Thiopental and Methohexital
32
Sleep aids
Zolpidem/Ambein (non-benzodiazepine) Eszopiclone/Lunesta
33
Buspirone
Anxiolytics
34
Fomepizole
Inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase, used for Antifreeze and Methanol toxicity!
35
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Inhibits Aldehyde Deghydrogenase to increase Acetaldehyde, giving you hangover faster so you stop drinking! (Symptoms are Flushing, throbbing, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, and confusion )
36
Naltrexone
Long-acting opioid antagonist Approved by the FDA to treat alcohol dependence Acamprosate – Adjunctive
37
Protease inhibitors
Rapidly inactivate the coagulation proteins α1-antiprotease α2-macroglobulin α2-antiplasmin Antithrombin
38
Aminocaproic acid
Protect clots from lysis by competitively inhibiting plasminogen activation
39
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors
Unfractionated heparin (HMW)= Binds to AT 3, Factor Xa and Thrombin LMW heparin= Binds to AT 3 and Factor Xa Fondaparinux(Arixtra)= Binds only to AT 3
40
Heparin Reversal
Protamine sulfate
41
Hirudin
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
42
Aspirin
Inhibition of TXA2 synthesis
43
Plavix and Ticlid (Ticlopidine)
Irreversibly inhibit ADP receptor on platelets
44
Abciximab - Monoclonal antibody
Antiplatelet Target IIb/IIIa receptor complex
45
Vitamin K
Confers activity on: Prothrombin Factors VII, IX, and X
46
Rapid acting
Lispro, aspart, glulisine
47
Intermediate acting
Neutral protamine Hagedorn
48
Long acting
Glargine, detemir, degludec*
49
1 unit of RA insulin
Disposes 12-15g of carbohydrate Drops 50 mg/dL Glucose
50
Insulin Secretagogues classes
Sulfonylureas Meglitinide – short ½ life
51
Incretin-Based Therapies
Glucagon-Like Polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Antagonists
52
Thiazolidinediones (Tzds)
Avandia (causes MI)
53
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Prevents glucose reabsorption in PCT Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) Canagliflozin (Invokana) Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
54
Statins
Structural analogs of HMG-CoA Decrease cellular cholesterol synthesis
55
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Reduces VLDL secretion from liver
56
Fibrates
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) and fenofibrate (Tricor) Decrease VLDL
57
Ezetimibe
NPCL1 Antagonist – blocks uptake of cholesterol
58
Evolocumab (Repatha)
Monoclonal Antibodies – bind PCSK9 & inhibit

Pharmacology Test 4 (1 decks)

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