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PSYCHD > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What Epigenetic forces develop the brain and body?

A

Biologically driven
Socially Guided
Experience-Expectant
Experience-Dependent

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2
Q

Growth patterns ages 2-6?

A

Body lengthens and baby fat is replaced by muscle.

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3
Q

For children 2-6 how many pounds do they generally gain a year? How all do they grow?

A

about 4 1/2 pounds and 3 inches every year

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4
Q

A typical 6 year old:

A

40-50 pounds
3 1/2 ft tall
Lean not chubby
Legs half their height

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5
Q

What decreases in 6 year olds?

A

Appetite, they need fewer calories per lb of weight.

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6
Q

Why are low SES kids obese?

A

less exercise, more TV, fewer vegetables, and more fast food.

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7
Q

What % of 2-5yrs are obese?

A

14%

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8
Q

What % of 6-11yrs are obese?

A

18%

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9
Q

What % of 12-19yrs are obese?

A

21%

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10
Q

What is the “Just Right” Phenomenon?

A

Peaks at 3 but decreases at 5, is a consistent “just right” routine for preschoolers

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11
Q

How much does a 2 year olds brain weigh?

A

75% of what it will weigh in adulthood.

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12
Q

How much does a 6 year olds brain weigh?

A

90% of what it will weigh in adulthood

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13
Q

Prefrontal cortex does

A

The brains executive functions, planning, selecting, and coordinating thoughts.

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14
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

coordinates voluntary movement and balance.

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15
Q

What results in brain growth?

A

Proliferation and communication of dendrites and axons.

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16
Q

What is myelination?

A

When axons get coated in myelin which speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron.

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17
Q

Ages 2-6 Prefrontal Cortex Maturation:

A

Sleep gets regular, tantrums calm down, laughing and crying becomes more controllable.

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18
Q

What are neurons 2 impulses?

A

activate and inhibit

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19
Q

A balanced brain is most effective throughout life T or F

A

T many kids are finding their balance

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20
Q

What is perseveration?

A

When you tend to stick to 1 thought or action for a long time,

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21
Q

Corpus Callosum:

A

the connection of the brains hemispheres.

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22
Q

What is lateralization?

A

The specialization of certain functions by each side of the brain.

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23
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

Controls expression and regulates emotion.

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24
Q

3 Major Areas are:

A

Amygdala- emotions
Hippocampus -memory
Hypothalamus- brain area responds to both A and H to produce hormones for other parts of the body.

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25
Q

What are Gross Motor Skills?

A

anything involving a LARGE body movement

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26
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

involves a SMALL body movment

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27
Q

What expression blossoms during early childhood?

A

artistic expression

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28
Q

out of 100,000 1-4 year olds, how many died accidentally?

A

10.9%

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29
Q

out of 100,000 1-4 year olds, how many died of cancer?

A

2.5%

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30
Q

out of 100,000 1-4 year olds, how many were murdered?

A

2.4%

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31
Q

Leading cause of death for teenagers?

A

Car accidents

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32
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

actions that can change conditions to prevent unwanted events or cicrusmtances.

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33
Q

What is Secondary Prevention:

A

Actions that AVERT harm in high risk situations, like stopping a car form hitting someone.

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34
Q

What is a tertiary prevention?

A

actions taken after an adverse event

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35
Q

What is child maltreatment?

A

Intentional harm or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18

36
Q

What is child abuse?

A

Deliberate action harmful to child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being.

37
Q

First signs of maltreatment is:

A

slow growth
Immature communication
lack of curiosity
unusual social interaction

38
Q

What is permanency planning?

A

When child welfare authorities find long-term living situations that provide stability and support for maltreated children.

39
Q

What is foster care?

A

legal, publicly supported SYSTEM in which maltreated kid is removed from parents custody and entrusted to another adult.

40
Q

What is Kinship care?

A

a form of foster care in which a relative of a maltreated child becomes approved care giver.

41
Q

What is adoption?

A

legal process of welcoming a new child who is not biological.

42
Q

Pre-operational intelligence is

A

cognitive development between ages 2-6 PRELOGICAL

43
Q

4 characteristics of thinking in early childhood that makes logic difficult?

A

centration
focus on appearance
Static reasoning
irreveresabibility

44
Q

What is centration?

A

characteristic of a pre operational thought in which a young child focuses on one idea. They center in

45
Q

What is egocentrism:

A

self centered thinking in personal perspective

46
Q

Focus on appearance?

A

young cild ignores all attributes that are not apparent

47
Q

What is static reasoning?

A

Thinking that nothing changes

48
Q

irreversibiliity

A

idea that nothing can be UNDONE

49
Q

Animism

A

belief that natural objects are alive

50
Q

Conservation is

A

the idea that amount of a substance remains the same when appearance changes. two small glasses = 1 big cup

51
Q

Who was the 1st leading developmentalist to emphasizse the other side of early cogtgnition?

A

VYGOTSKY

52
Q

Who emphasizes social aspect of childrens cognition vs piagets emphasis on the individual

A

VYGOTSKY

53
Q

ZPD= skills a person can exercise only with assistance, give one example

A

skill someone is close to mastering but needs a mentor.

54
Q

What is a scaffolding?

A

temporary support tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities.

55
Q

What is over imitation?

A

inadvernt scaffolding, learning something that isn’t relavent to the task you are learning.

56
Q

Executive Function

A

organizing and prioritizing thoughts from various parts of the brain

57
Q

3 components of executive function

A

working memory
Cognitive flexibility
inhibitory control

58
Q

Private Speech is

A

internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves

59
Q

Social Mediation

A

persons cognitive skills are refined and extended

60
Q

theory-theory

A

idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories

61
Q

theory of mind:

A

person’s theory of what other people might be thinking

62
Q

what is fast mapping?

A

anything with 4 legs = dog

63
Q

logical extenesion example?

A

cows are dalmations because of spots

64
Q

kids who speak 2 languages by age 5 are

A

less egocentric

more advanced in their theory of mind

65
Q

What is the preiminendt psychosocial accomplishment of kids 2-6

A

how and when to express emotions

66
Q

What is emotional regulation?

A

ability to control when and how emotions are exspressed

67
Q

What is self concept?

A

who am i

68
Q

what is self esteem

A

how do i feel about myself

69
Q

what is intrinsic motivation?

A

motivation from inside the person emotional internal drive

70
Q

what is extrinsic motivation?

A

outside material possessions drive you to complete goal

71
Q

with the experiment in motivation what group used markers more?

A

Group 3 with the unexpected award.

72
Q

what was the interpetatiton by group 3 using more markers?

A

extrinsic motivation undercut intrinsic motivation

73
Q

What is externalizin problems?

A

expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts.

74
Q

what is internalizing problems

A

internalzing problems turning ones emotional distress inward.

75
Q

what is solitary play?

A

child plays alone

76
Q

onlooker play is

A

child watches other kids play

77
Q

parallel play

A

children play with similar toys but not eachother

78
Q

associate play

A

children interact but not mutual, they just observe each other.

79
Q

cooperative play

A

children play together, creating and elaborating a joint activity or taking turns.

80
Q

what is rough and tumble

A

mimics aggressive play no harm

81
Q

what is sociodramatic paly

A

rehearesed roles that helps regulate emmotions and develop a self concept

82
Q

what is prosicial behabior

A

helpfullness and kindness without reward

83
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A

Freuds 3rd sage of development 3-6 penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure.

84
Q

What is an oedipus complex?

A

unconsicous desire of young boys to replace their father and win mother’s exclusive love

85
Q

what is a superego

A

judgmental part of the personality that inernalizes the moreal standarsds of the parents

86
Q

what is an electra complex

A

unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win fathers exclusive love

87
Q

identification is

A

defending yourslef by taking on behaviors and attitiudes of someone else

PSYCHD (3 decks)

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