Test 4

Question 1

What posture change do you notice in late pregnancy?

Answer 1

i. Anterior cervical flexion
ii. Kyphosis
iii. Slumped shoulders

Question 2

Kyphosis

Answer 2

i. Stooped or hunched posture

ii. Outward/convex of spine hunchback

Question 3

What posture change is common among the elderly, and associated with osteoporosis?

Answer 3

1. Severe back pain
2. Loss of height
3. Kyphosis

Question 4

What is Ortoloni’s sign? What does it test for? What is a positive Ortolani’s sign?

Answer 4

Tests for
i. Hips for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Every visit until the child is 1 year old
How to Test
i. Infant supine, flex the knees holding your thumbs on the inner midthighs and your fingers outside on the hips touching the greater trochanters. Adduct the legs until your thumbs touch. Gently lift and abduct moving the knees apart and down so their lateral aspects touch the table. Feels normal and no sound
Positive Ortolani’s Sign
i. Hip instability feels like a clunk as the head of the femur pops back into place

Question 5

Inspection

Answer 5

Size, contour, color, swelling, masses, and deformities

2. ABNORMAL FINDINGS
   a. Swelling = excess joint fluid (effusion)
   i. Thickening of the synovial lining
   ii. Inflammation of surrounding soft tissue
   iii. Bony enlargement