Test 4

Question 1

What is the study of interactions between organisms and their environments?

Answer 1

ecology

Question 2

What is the difference between ecosystems and communities

Answer 2

non-living

Question 3

What is the max number of individuals that a population can hold

Answer 3

carrying capacity

Question 4

What is the difference between logistic growth and exponential growth

Answer 4

Logistic growth is approaching carrying capacity and has a reduction in population growth, exponential grows

Question 5

Some populations cycle between periods of rapid growth and rapid shrinkage, what is this called?

Answer 5

population osciliations

Question 6

The limitations on a populations growth that are a consequence of population size

Answer 6

Density dependent factors

Question 7

give 4 examples of density dependent factors

Answer 7

predations, disease, food, habitat

Question 8

what is 1/2 carrying capacity

Answer 8

Maximum Sustainable Yield

Question 9

what are the vital statistics of the species which contribute to population growth called

Answer 9

Life History

Question 10

What are two non-solar influences on the weather

Answer 10

Topography and Humans

Question 11

What are two non-solar influences on the weather

Answer 11

Topography and Humans (Urban Heat Islands)

Question 12

Herbivores to Plants
Carnivores to Animas
Detritivores to

Answer 12

dead things

Question 13

What is biomass

Answer 13

mass of a living organism

Question 14

Global weather patterns are generated by what

Answer 14

Solar Energy

Question 15

Which comes first Eutrophication or Hypoxic Zones

Answer 15

Eutrophication - Algae Blooms - Bacteria Consume dead algae and use up Oxygen - Hypoxic Zones

Question 16

The Nitrogen cycle requires which organisms to retrieve nitrogen from it’s reservoir?

Answer 16

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Question 17

what process is required for carbon to enter the community?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis

Question 18

What is the major difference between how energy and chemicals move through an ecosystem?

Answer 18

Energy flows from the sun through an ecosystem and is lost, Chemicals cycle within an ecosystem

Question 19

What trophic level is responsible for primary production

Answer 19

Trophic Level 1

Question 20

Explain what the Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradient is

Answer 20

As you move away from the equator, you find less species

Question 21

What 3 factors contribute to Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradient

Answer 21

Solar Energy, Evolutionary history, distrubances

Question 22

Give 3 reason s a species might go extinct outside of a mass extinction event

Answer 22

Poor survivability, Restricted geographic range, small population

Question 23

What are the distinguishing characteristics of all invasive species?

Answer 23

Introduced due to human activities, cause major ecological damage

Question 24

What causes acid rain

Answer 24

Unfiltered emissions from burning fossil fuels

Question 25

What is the relationship between Chlorofluorocarbons and sunburns

Answer 25

CFCs degrade Ozone blocking less radiation leading to sunburns

Question 26

What is the relationship between Chlorofluorocarbons and sunburns

Answer 26

CFCs degrade Ozone, blocking less radiation which leads to sunburns

Question 27

a high profile species used to increase support for biodiversity conservation

Answer 27

Flagship Species

Question 28

a species that has a large effect on its environment relative to its abundance, playing a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community

Answer 28

Keystone Species

Question 29

a sensitive species used by biologists to demonstrate the relative health of an ecosystem. (used to monitor pollution, competition, or climate change)

Answer 29

Indicator Species

Question 30

a species selected because protecting these species indirectly protects the many other species that make up the ecological community of its habitat

Answer 30

Umbrella Species

Question 31

Biomes are characterized by

Answer 31

``` Temperature (averages) Precipitation (averages) Temperature (seasonal variation) Precipitation (seasonal variation) Vegetation ```

Question 32

Why are deserts more common at 30N and 30S of the equator?

Answer 32

Warm and cold air currents generated from the equator cause uneven distribution of rain

Question 33

What causes El Nino?

Answer 33

Weak trade winds between south america and australia causes warm ocean waters to generate increased rain

Question 34

What is the difference between growth investment and reproductive investment?

Answer 34

Growth is the energy required for an individual to grow and survive. Reproductive the amount of energy contributed to mating and offspring.

Question 35

What transitional period is human population growth the highest?

Answer 35

3rd world to 1st world

Question 36

A consistent ____ rate and a decrease in ____ contribute to high human population growth

Answer 36

birth, mortality

Question 37

Why is a chemical reservoir part of the habitat and not part of a community?

Answer 37

Reservoir and habitat are nonliving

Question 38

The Variety and variability among genes, species, and ecosystems

Answer 38

Biodiversity

Question 39

What tropic level is primary consumers

Answer 39

Trophic Level 2 - herbivore

Question 40

what tropic level is secondary consumers

Answer 40

Trophic Level 3 - carnivore

Question 41

what tropic level is tertiary consumers

Answer 41

Trophic Level 4 - top carnivors