Test 3 Vandy Flashcards by Gopal Amin

Form of symbiosis where both organisms benefit

Mutualism

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Converts N2 gas to Ammonia and is a type of Mutualism

Nitrogen fixation

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Types of Lichen

Crustose-crust like
Foliose-leaf like
Fructicose-shrub like

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Nitrogenase

Enzyme used in Nitrogen Fixation

Irreversibly destroyed in the presence of O2

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Soil fungus that has mutualistic relationship with vascular plants
Penetrates cortical cells

Endomycorrhizae

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Ex of Mutualism

Nfix, lichen, mycorrhizae, RUMINANTS, insects, protozoa, flashlight fish

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Type of symbiosis one organism benefits while the other is harmed

Parasitism

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Bdellovibrio

G-, curved rod that preys on other bacteria

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Caused the Great Irish famine

Potato Blight

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Type of symbiosis where on organism benefits while the other is unaffected

Commensalism

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Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri

involves gene expression of light depending on the density of the population of bacteria

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Inflammation symptoms

edema, erythema, pain and heat

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Sequence of Infection

Incubation-before symptoms
Illness
  prodromal-symptoms appear
  acute-symptoms peak
  decline-disease resolves
  convalescent-recovery

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Toxoid**

Chemically inactivated exotoxins that have lost their toxicity

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Example of Latent Infection

Herpes Simplex Virus

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Collagenase

degrades collagen/muscle tissue

C. perfringes (gas gangrene)

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Erythrogenic Toxin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Sebaceous gland makes what antimicrobial agent

Sebum

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Lysozyme

found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions

breaks cell wall peptidoglycan

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Quelleung Reaction

check for capsular swelling which indicates

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Basophils

release histamine

type of Granulocyte

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Streptolysin O

Produced by S. pyogenes
inactivated by O2
causes WBC to release cytoplasmic granules

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Staph aureus enterotoxins

heat stable and imply food intoxication

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Diptheria toxin

inhibits EGF2 in protein synthesis
Corynebacterium diptheriae (Babes ernst bodies)

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Neurotoxin of C.Botulinum

blocks release of acetylcholine

Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay

detects endotoxins (cause septic shock)

Chains, G+, Beta hemolysis Scarlet Fever St Anthonys Fire aka Erysipelas

Streptococcus pyogenes

Whooping Cough

Bordetella pertusis

Hemolytic urine syndrome

E. coli 0157:H7

Peptic Ulcers

Heliobacter pylori

Rice water stools, loss of 10-15L/day

Vibrio Cholerae (Cholera)

Bacillary dysentry

Shigella sonnei-->Shigellosis

Dental caries-enamel destruction- also causes plaque, capsule biofilms

Streptococcus mutans

Difference between Botulinum toxin vs Tetanus toxin

Fluid vs Spastic paralysis

Causes meningitis in children aged 2-60 months

Haemophilus influenzae strain b

Phase of Leprosy associated w/ loss of sensation

Tuberculoid phase

Nongonnococcal Urethritis NGU

Chlamydia trachomatis | Ureaplasma urealyticum

Pseudomembranous colitis

Clostridium difficile

Toxic shock syndrome

Staphylococcus aureus

Emerging infectious Disease

Hepatits C | blood bourne, tatoos

Bacteroides

steric ANAEROBIC bacteria in fecal matter and in mouth

Tabes dorsalis

tertiary stage of syphilis | Treponema pallidum

Rocky Mountain fever, endemic/epidemic typhus, Boutonnese fever

Rickettsia

Common source epidemic

group of people exposed at one time

Propagated epidemic

infectious agent being passed on from one host to another via direct contact

Event that began epidemiology

John Snow studied Vibrio cholerae contamination in London water 1854

Infectious disease in horses that is fatal

B. mallei

Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria

Pseudomonads

Most common denitrifiers: converting nitrite to n2 gas

Pseudomonads

Contain chitinases

Streptomyces

Biological pesticide that inhibits mosquitos

Bacillus thuringeinsis | Bacillus popilliae

Biochemical method of measuring sewage

COD/BOD | Chemical and Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Leaching of Cu,Zn,U from sulfur containing ores

Thiobacillus ferroxidans | Thiobacillus thiooxidans

Oxidation Sulfur to sulfide Sulfide to Sulfate

Oxidizing bacteria Thiobacillus Anaerobic green/purple phototrophic bacteria

Reduction Sulfate to sulfide Sulfide to Sulfur

Reducing bacteria Beggiatoa, Thiotrix Desulfovibrio

Ammonia to Nitrate Nitrate to Nitrite Nitrite to N2 gas

nitroso nitro pseudomonads types of bacteria that do the reaction

used to preserve milk | kills all non spore forming bacteria

Pasteurization

Enzyme tested for to see if pasteurization was done properly

Phosphatase (not present in pasteurized milk)

Yogurt Starter culture

Streptococcus thermophilus | Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Meat starter culture

Pediococcus acidilactici | Staphylococcus carnosus

Heating canned goods is done to

kill spores of Clostridium Botulinum

A QC test organism for heating canned goods

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Nitrite Nitrate does what in meat?

Inhibits Clostridium Botulinum | Gives red color

Spoilage of chicken

Pseudomonas

In chicken houses...infection of eggs

Salmonella

Effects include stimulating the immune response, often see a stimulation in the production of IgA.

Probiotics | Lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum.

Sour mash whiskey

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Stone washed denims, fruit juice and olive oil extractions

Cellulases

Glutamate

Corynebacterium glutamicum

Citric acid

Aspegillus niger

Lactic acid

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Dextrans homopolysacch

Leuconostoc dextranicum

Xantham gum heteropolysacch

Xanthomonas campestris

Vitamin b12

Propionibacterium freundenreichii | Propionibacterium shermanii

Protease

B. subtilis

Acidophilus milk

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Penicillin

Penicillium chrysogenum

Tetracyclines

Streptomyces aureofaciens, in production broth it will inhibit the producing strain, therefore it is precipitated from the medium during growth with calcium ions.

Streptomycin

Streptomyces griseus

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporium

Dark purple seaweed used in food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical business. ALGAE

Carrageenin

Epstein-Barr virus | Varicella-zoster virus

Herpesviridae

ornithosis-parrot fever

Chlamydia psittacosis

Lyme disease

treatment is tetracycline Borrelia burgdorferi bulls eye

Scalded skin syndrome

toxin: exofoliatin | S. aureus

Leprosy aka Hansen disease

Mycobacterium leprae

Typhoid fever

Salmonella typhi

anaerobic. common in oral cavity causes periodontal disease.

Fusobacterium

rod shaped to filamentous bacteria ACID FAST->huge amount of lipids in cell wall Cause tuberculosis and leprosy

Mycobacterium

Intestinal parasite acquired through drinking water

Giardia lamblia

Oral thrush

CANDIDA

Plasmodium

Malaria

Orthomyoxviridae

flu

polio

Picornaviridae