Test 3 - Terms 3 Flashcards
covenant
A sacred promise or binding agreement. Presence, In Judaism, it is the understanding between God and the people of Israel that they would be His chosen people if they obeyed His law.
Tanak
The Hebrew Bible all the reading and texts. The word Tanak comes from the first letters of its three parts: Torah (Law), Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
Torah/Law
The first part of the Tanak, meaning “law” or “teaching.” It includes the first five books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy). It holds authority and is the text to be obeyed.
Neviim/Prophets
The second part of the Tanak, made up of historical and prophetic books that tell the story of Israel and the messages of God’s prophets.
Ketuvim/Writings
The third part of the Tanak, consisting of a variety of writings such as Psalms, Proverbs, and historical accounts.
Midrash
Traditional commentaries or explanations on the Torah. It interprets and fills in the gaps of the biblical stories.
Talmud
A large collection of Jewish laws, traditions, and discussions. It expands on the Torah and is the main guide for Jewish life.
bar/bat mitzvah
A coming-of-age ceremony when a Jewish boy (bar mitzvah) at age 13 or a girl (bat mitzvah) at age 12 becomes responsible for following Jewish law.
Israel
In the Bible, Israel refers to the people descended from Jacob. Today, it also refers to the modern nation founded in 1948.
Gentile
A non-Jew.
Tabernacle
The portable tent where the Israelites worshiped God during their journey in the wilderness before building the Temple.
Temple
The holy place in Jerusalem where sacrifices were offered to God. The First Temple was built by Solomon, destroyed, rebuilt, and then destroyed again by the Romans in 70 CE.
Synagogue
The group you meet there, A Jewish place of worship and community gathering. After the destruction of the Temple, the synagogue became central to Jewish religious life.
Passover
A major Jewish holiday celebrating the Israelites’ escape from slavery in Egypt. It remembers how God “passed over” their homes during the final plague.
Sadducees
A priestly group in ancient Judaism that controlled the Temple. They accepted only the Torah and rejected newer traditions.
Pharisees
A Jewish group known for strict observance of the Law and belief in oral traditions. They believed in resurrection and life after death.
diaspora
The scattering of Jews outside of Israel, especially after the Babylonian exile and the Roman destruction of the Temple.
Sabbath
The day of rest in Judaism, from Friday evening to Saturday evening, honoring God’s rest after creation.
Orthodox
A branch of Judaism that holds strictly to traditional beliefs and practices.
Reformed
A modern movement in Judaism that adapts traditions to fit modern life, while keeping the ethical core. focuses more on personal choice and less on strict rules.
Conservative
A branch of Judaism that tries to balance tradition with change, maintaining traditional worship while allowing for some modernization.
Reconstructivist
A modern branch of Judaism that sees Judaism as a cultural civilization as well as a religion and emphasizes community decision-making.
Humanist
A modern Jewish movement that emphasizes Jewish culture and identity without requiring belief in God.
Hasidism
A mystical branch of Orthodox Judaism that began in Eastern Europe. It focuses on joyous worship, community, and closeness to God.
Shema
A central Jewish prayer declaring the oneness of God: “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.” (Deuteronomy 6:4)
Pogrom
Targeting Jews
Kosher
Direty in jewish, what you can eat vs what you cant.
