Test 3 Review Flashcards
In plants, what is the function of ethylene gas?
targets fruit to cause ripening
In plants, what is the function of cytokinin?
growth: cell differentiation and division
In plants, what is the function of auxin?
growth: cell differentiation and division
In plants, what is the function of gibberellin?
promotes plant developmental processes such as:
- exiting seed dormancy
- flowering
- fruit production
- leaf death
In plants, what is the role of abscisic acid?
causes changes in the plant in response to plant stress
What can the negative charge in DNA be attributed to?
phosphodiester bonds
In heredity, what is epistasis?
when one gene affects the expression of another gene
In heredity, what is multiple alleles? Can you give an example?
one gene that has multiple allele options. ex. ABO blood typing
In heredity, what is polygenetic inheritance?
A trait that has multiple genes affecting it, producing continuous variation
In heredity, what is codominance?
Both alleles are expressed.
T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts possess a double membrane
T
T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts possess a single membrane
F, it’s a double membrane
T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a matrix
false. mitochondria have a matrix, while chloroplasts have a stroma.
T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce via budding
true!
T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts have distinct DNA from their host cell. how do u know?
true. endosymbiotic theory
what passes through connexins / gap junctions?
small molecules and ions
what two important things happen during prophase?
- spindle apparatus begins to form
- nucleolus/nuclear envelope begins to disappear
what happens during G1 phase? (2)
- cell grows in prep for cell division
- CHECKPOINT: checks for favorable conditions (if favorable, S, if unfavorable, G0)
what happens during G0 phase? (1)
- cells carry out their functions but halt in the cell cycle
what happens in the G2 phase? (3)
- cell grows and preps for cell division
- CHECKPOINTS: check DNA for errors, and check for mitosis promoting factor
- organelles are replicated
how do you know who has an open vs. closed circulatory system?
all vertebrates have closed circulatory systems.
only the most complex invertebrates have closed circulatory systems.
ex. annelida (worms), fish, frogs, have closed; crabs have open
what is a metalloprotein? what would be one example?
conjugated proteins: composed of AAs and NON-PROTEIN components.
ex. hemoglobin: iron and AAs
are all enzymes proteins?
no honestly. like ribozymes aren’t even proteins.
what is parthenogenesis? can you give an example?
when an unfertilized egg develops into an embryo. a type of asexual reproduction.
ex. honeybee
what is karyotyping?
your classic technique for looking at chrs!
