Test 3 Review

Question 1

In plants, what is the function of ethylene gas?

Answer 1

targets fruit to cause ripening

Question 2

In plants, what is the function of cytokinin?

Answer 2

growth: cell differentiation and division

Question 3

In plants, what is the function of auxin?

Answer 3

growth: cell differentiation and division

Question 4

In plants, what is the function of gibberellin?

Answer 4

promotes plant developmental processes such as:
- exiting seed dormancy
- flowering
- fruit production
- leaf death

Question 5

In plants, what is the role of abscisic acid?

Answer 5

causes changes in the plant in response to plant stress

Question 6

What can the negative charge in DNA be attributed to?

Answer 6

phosphodiester bonds

Question 7

In heredity, what is epistasis?

Answer 7

when one gene affects the expression of another gene

Question 8

In heredity, what is multiple alleles? Can you give an example?

Answer 8

one gene that has multiple allele options. ex. ABO blood typing

Question 9

In heredity, what is polygenetic inheritance?

Answer 9

A trait that has multiple genes affecting it, producing continuous variation

Question 10

In heredity, what is codominance?

Answer 10

Both alleles are expressed.

Question 11

T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts possess a double membrane

Answer 11

T

Question 12

T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts possess a single membrane

Answer 12

F, it’s a double membrane

Question 13

T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a matrix

Answer 13

false. mitochondria have a matrix, while chloroplasts have a stroma.

Question 14

T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce via budding

Answer 14

true!

Question 15

T or F: mitochondria and chloroplasts have distinct DNA from their host cell. how do u know?

Answer 15

true. endosymbiotic theory

Question 16

what passes through connexins / gap junctions?

Answer 16

small molecules and ions

Question 17

what two important things happen during prophase?

Answer 17

• spindle apparatus begins to form
• nucleolus/nuclear envelope begins to disappear

Question 18

what happens during G1 phase? (2)

Answer 18

• cell grows in prep for cell division
• CHECKPOINT: checks for favorable conditions (if favorable, S, if unfavorable, G0)

Question 19

what happens during G0 phase? (1)

Answer 19

• cells carry out their functions but halt in the cell cycle

Question 20

what happens in the G2 phase? (3)

Answer 20

• cell grows and preps for cell division
• CHECKPOINTS: check DNA for errors, and check for mitosis promoting factor
• organelles are replicated

Question 21

how do you know who has an open vs. closed circulatory system?

Answer 21

all vertebrates have closed circulatory systems.

only the most complex invertebrates have closed circulatory systems.

ex. annelida (worms), fish, frogs, have closed; crabs have open

Question 22

what is a metalloprotein? what would be one example?

Answer 22

conjugated proteins: composed of AAs and NON-PROTEIN components.

ex. hemoglobin: iron and AAs

Question 23

are all enzymes proteins?

Answer 23

no honestly. like ribozymes aren’t even proteins.

Question 24

what is parthenogenesis? can you give an example?

Answer 24

when an unfertilized egg develops into an embryo. a type of asexual reproduction.

ex. honeybee

Question 25

what is karyotyping?

Answer 25

your classic technique for looking at chrs!