Test 3: Relationships and Identities Flashcards
Identity
is a concept that communication scholars use to explore the answers humans give to these fundamental questions.
changes overtime, everything influences it. Arises in communication and relationships.
who/what influences our identity?
Parents have biggest impact on our identity according to psychoanalysis
Family
Peers
Society
Teachers, etc
Mutual/changeable
Multidimensional: refers to the idea that these identifying categories have their limits. Can help us find our way to an extent
Orientalism
asks the question of why, preconceived notion (example of middle east and stereotypes even if we have never been, how they speak, act, etc)
George Gerber
His research focused on media affects and particularly violence
Content analysis (quantitative)
Counted every instant of violence and when a man or woman was the main character, ratio was 3:1 (men-women)
What did John Berger and Laurel Mulvey create?
the male gaze theory
Why is the male gaze theory still relevant?
First scholars say women enjoy the films from male gaze, when women became directors/producers they also used the male gaze for films
essentialism
assuming and attributing a quality that is fixed and unchanging to an individual or group
ex:
colonialism
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
ex: spanish influence in Latin America
nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a nation
MURICA
Who was James Baldwin?
a gay American writer. He garnered acclaim across various media, including essays, novels, plays, and poems
Frantz Fanon
West Indian psychoanalyst and social
philosopher known for his theory that some neuroses are socially generated and for his
writings on behalf of the national liberation of colonial peoples. His critiques influenced
subsequent generations of thinkers and activists.
Who is the narrator in Killing Us Softly 4?
Jean Kilbourne
Edward Said
developed the term orientalism
What was the significance of Edward Said’s book?
orientalism revolutionized the study of the middle east and helped to create and shape entire new fields of study such as Post-Colonial theory as well as disciplines as diverse as English, History, Anthropology, Political Science, and Cultural Studies.
Translated into 26 languages and required at lots of colleges and universities
one of the most controversial books of the last 30 years
What sparked Edward Said’s interest in orientalism?
- Arab-Israeli war of 1973 when media would depict the Arabs as weak and cowardly.
- felt disparity with a lack of representation of real Arab culture in in art
How did Frantz Fanon study psyche?
during World War II, he served in the Free French Army and then served as head of psychiatry in a Algeria hospital, studied the effects of colonial violence on Algerian and French soldiers
How did Fanon perceive colonialism?
a form of domination whose necessary goal for success was the reordering of the world of indigenous (“native”) peoples
Micheal Foucault
was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, writer, political activist, and literary critic. Foucault’s theories primarily address the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions
What happened in Belgium with Congo?
statues of Leopold II torn down bc when he established the Congo Free State by brutally seizing the African landmass as his personal possession
What is postcolonialism?
any work scholarly or creative that deals with the issues of European colonization and that traces what the colonizers did
simple definition: a study of the effects of colonialism on cultures and societies
identity politics
a study of the effects of colonialism on cultures and societies
What did Said argues?
Said argues Europe and US views the Middle East in a lens, a framework used to understand the unfamiliar and strange can make the people of the Middle East seem unfamiliar and strange
Foucault’s point about power
Individuals are NOT totally powerless in the face of modern mechanisms of surveillance and control.
Modern power is impersonal. Panopticon makes it seem as if power resides in the machine, not in the operator.
Power is not necessarily “bad,” because it can also be productive (i.e. it’s better we stop at the right light while driving).
Power is not merely a physical force but a pervasive human dynamic.
Panopticon
refers to a watchtower in a prison
Panoptic
“all-seeing” (pan = all; optic = seeing)
