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Molecular Cell Biology > Test 3 - Lecture 23 > Flashcards

Test 3 - Lecture 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Golgi Apparatus -

Regulated pathways include release of ______ from _________ ______ and _________ from nerve cells.

A

hormones
endocrine cells
neutotransmitters

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2
Q

The Golgi Apparatus -

These proteins aggregate in the ________ network and are packaged in ________ granules.

A

trans - Golgi

secretory

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3
Q

The Golgi Apparatus -

The granules store their contents until signals direct their ______ with the ______ membrane.

A

fusion

plasma

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4
Q

In _______ cells of the epithelial tissue, plasma membranes are ______
into ______ _______ and _______ ______ , each with specific proteins.

A

polarized
divided
apical domains
basolateral domains

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5
Q

Proteins leaving the ______ Golgi network must be selectively packaged and transported to the correct domain.

A

trans

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6
Q

______ and plant cells lack lysosomes.

A

Yeast

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7
Q

Proteins are transported from the Golgi to the ______

A

vacuole

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8
Q

A yeast vacuole

  1. Same functions as a _______
  2. _______ storage
  3. Maintaining _____ pressure
A

lysosome,
nutrient
turgor

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9
Q

Proteins are directed to vacuoles by short _______ ________.

A

peptide sequences

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10
Q

The selectivity of vesicular transport is key to maintaining the functional _________ of a cell.

A

organization

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11
Q

Vesicles must recognize and fuse only with the appropriate ______ membrane.

A

target

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12
Q

Understanding the mechanisms that control vesicular transport is a major area of research in ____ _______.

A

cell biology

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13
Q

Three experimental approaches have been used:

  1. ______ of yeast mutants defective in protein transport and ______
  2. Reconstruction of vesicular transport in cell - ______ systems
  3. _______ analysis of synaptic vesicles
A
  1. Isolation
    Sorting
  2. free
  3. Biochemical
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14
Q

Yeast mutants can be defective at various stages of protein _______ (sec mutants), or are unable to transport proteins to the ______, or retain resident ____ proteins.

A

secretion
vacuole
ER

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15
Q

1.Isolation of mutants led to molecular _____ and analysis of corresponding genes and _______ of proteins.

A

cloning

identification

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16
Q
  1. Reconstituted systems (in vitro):
    Enabled isolation of transport proteins, study of the transport process, and functional analysis of the ______ identified by ________ in yeasts.
A

proteins

mutations

17
Q
  1. Synaptic transmission in neurons is a specialized form of _______ secretion.
    Synapse: junction of a ______ with another cell.
    Chemical neurotransmitters are stored in the neuron in ______ _______.
A

regulated
neuron
synaptic vesicles

18
Q

Transport vesicles with secretory proteins are coated with ______ ________.

A

coat proteins

19
Q

The coats assemble as the vesicle buds off and are removed in the _______ before it reaches its target.

A

cytosol

20
Q

The vesicles fuse with the target membrane.
______ their cargo,
Insert their membrane _______ into the ______ membrane

A

Empty
proteins
target

21
Q

Three families of vesicle coat proteins:

1. _____ - ______ ________ carry proteins from the __ to the _______ and on to the Golgi apparatus.

A

COPII - coated vesicles
ER
ERGIC

22
Q

Three families of vesicle coat proteins:
2. _____ - ______ ______ bud from the ERGIC or Golgi and carry their cargo back, returning proteins to _______ compartments.

A

COPI - coated vesicles

earlier

23
Q

Three families of vesicle coat proteins:
3. _____ - ______ _______ transport in _____ directions between the trans Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes, and plasma membrane.

A

Clathrin - coated vesicles

both

24
Q

Formation if a clathrin - coated vesicle.

Formation of coated vesicles is regulated by small ___ - _____ ______ (ARF1 and Sar1) related to Ras and Ran.

A

GTP - binding proteins

25
Q

Formation of a clathrin - coated vesicle
the GTP - binding proteins recruit ______ proteins that mediate vesicle assembly by interacting with _____ proteins and with _____ proteins.

A

adaptor
cargo
coat

26
Q

Fusion of a transport vesicle with its target:

1. The vesicle must \_\_\_\_\_ the correct target membrane. 
2. Vesicle and target membrane must \_\_\_\_\_, delivering the contents to the \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A
  1. recognize
  2. fuse
    target organelle
27
Q

Interaction between the ______ vesicles and the _____ membranes is mediated by ______ factors and small - GTP binding proteins ( ___ proteins).

A

transport
target
tethering
Rab

28
Q

Vesicle ___ _____ in the active GTP - bound state bind membrane ______ ______.

A

Rab proteins

tethering factors

29
Q

Tetherign factors also bind coat proteins, and may stimulate formation of ______between transmembrane proteins called ______.

A

complexes

SNAREs

30
Q

Formations of complexes between _____ and target _____ is required for fusion.

A

vesicle

SNAREs

31
Q

_____ - ______ pairing provides the _____ to bring the two bilayers close enough to destabilize them and fuse.

A

SNARE - SNARE

energy

32
Q

SNARE proteins have a central _____ - ____ domain.

This domain binds to other _____ - _____ domains and _____ the SNAREs on vesicle and target membranes together.

A

coiled - coil
coiled - coil
zips

33
Q

This brings the ___ membranes into ____ contact and leads to fusion of the lipid bilayers.

A

two

direct

34
Q
  1. To initiate fusion, Rab/GTP on the ______ ______ interacts with the effector proteins and _ - ______ to assemble a pre - fusion complex.
A

transport vesicle

v - SNAREs

35
Q
  1. A different ___ protein on the target membrane organizes other effector proteins and _ - ______.
A

Rab

t - SNAREs

36
Q
  1. The ______ proteins link the membranes by protein - protein interactions (tethering).
A

effector

37
Q
  1. Tethering simulates Rab/GTP _______ brings the _____ - _____ domains of the SNAREs together where they bind tightly.
A

hydrolysis

coiled - coil

38
Q
  1. After membrane fusion, a protein complex (NSF/SNAP complex) _________ the SNAREs, allowing them to be ______.
A

disassemles

reused

Molecular Cell Biology (17 decks)

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