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Materials Engineering > Test 3. Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Test 3. Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

give percent carbon for low carbon, med carbon, high carbon

A

low carbon

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2
Q

as you go to low carbon to med carbon to high carbon, what happens to strength cost and ductility?

A

strength increases, increase cost, and decrease ductility

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3
Q

“cast iron”
Ferrous alloys with >2.1 wt are much _________ than steels

-more common ____ wt% carbon

A

higher

3- 4.5 wt %C

it usually has low melting (also brittle) so easiest to cast

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4
Q

what are two types of cast iron and give descriptions for each

A 
Gray iron=
graphite flakes
weak & brittle under tension
stronger under compression
excellent vibrational dampening
wear resistant

Ductile iron=
add Mg or Ce
graphite in NODULES not flakes
matrix often pearlite - better ductility

White iron=
<1wt% Si so harder but brittle
more cementite

Malleable iron=
Heating white iron at 800-900ºC
graphite in rosettes
more ductile

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5
Q

what are the limitations of ferrous alloys?

A

Relatively high density

Relatively low conductivity

Poor corrosion resistance (Exception?)

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6
Q

how can we fabricate metals?

A

Blacksmith - hammer (forged)

Molding - cast

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7
Q

Compare hot working to cold working

A

hot working=
T high enough for recrystallization

larger deformations

cold working=
well below TR

work hardening

smaller deformations

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8
Q

what are the different fabrication methods?

A

forming, casting and joining

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9
Q

forging

A

hammering, stamping

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10
Q

drawing

A

(rods, wire, tubing)

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11
Q

extrusion

A

(rods/tubings

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12
Q

rolling

A

(hot or cold rolling)

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13
Q

what are some different methods in forming?

A

forging, rolling, drawing, extrusion

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14
Q

what is casting?

A

Casting- mold is filled with metal

  • metal melted in furnace, perhaps alloying elements added. Then cast in a mold
  • most common, cheapest method
  • gives good production of shapes
  • weaker products, internal defects
  • good option for brittle materials
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15
Q

Name different types of casting?

A

sand casting

investment casting

die

continuous casting

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16
Q

define sand casting

A

its cheap and easy to mold, use of sand.

pack sand around form (pattern) of desired shape

17
Q

define investment casting

A

low volume and you can do complex shapes such as jewelry, turbine blades

  • pattern is made from was, mold made by encasing in plaster of paris
  • melt the wax and the hollow mold is left
  • pour in metal
18
Q

define die

A

(high volume, low T alloys)

19
Q

define continuous casting

A

(simple slab shapes)

20
Q

what are some methods for joining?

A

powder metallurgy, welding

21
Q

what is powder metallurgy

A

used with materials w/low ductility

22
Q

what is welding

A

used when one large part is impractical

23
Q

define the heat affected zone

A

region in which the microstructure has been changed

24
Q

what are some thermal processing of metals

A

stress relief

process anneal

spheroidize

full anneal

normalize

25
Q

How to anneal?

A

heat to T anneal, then slowly cool

26
Q

Stress relief: reduced stress caused by :?

A

plastic deformation

nonuniform cooling

phase transformation

27
Q

name three different types of heat treatments

A

annealing

quenching

tempered martensite

28
Q

“effect of geometry”

when surface-to-volume ration increases what happens?

A

cooling rate increases

hardness increases

29
Q

why does hardness change with position?

A

the cooling rate varies with position

30
Q

Steels: increase TS, hardness (and cost) by adding?

A
  • C (low alloy steels)
  • Cr,V,Ni,Mo,W (high alloy steels)
  • ductility usually decreases with additions
31
Q

non ferrous:

A

cu,Al,Ti,Mg, refractory, and noble metals

32
Q

what are some fabrication techniques?

A

forming, casting, joining

33
Q

define hardenability

A

changes with positions

Materials Engineering (14 decks)

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