Test 3 All Flashcards
Describe 3 ways to enhance nuclear weapons effects
Airburst - fireball does not touch the ground
(Blast and thermal enhanced, residual radiation reduced)
Ground burst - fireball touches the ground
(Residual radiant enhanced)
Subsurface blast - underground/underwater detonation. (Ground shock enhanced)
Describe the following:
B61
B86
AGM86 (ALCM)
B61 - fighter and bomber deliverable; smaller weapon
B86 - bomber only deliverable; larger weapon
AGM86 - B52 only, air launched cruise missile
Thermal radiation effects on people
Flash blindness causing permanent damage to the retina
Flash burns, 2nd degree burns out to 15 miles, 3rd degree burns out to 8 miles
Thermal effects on structures
Threshold ignition of light flammable material like paper out to 10 miles
Extensive fire damage out to 8.5 miles
Thermal radiation mitigation measures
Protective enclosures, thermal protective coatings, nonflammable clothing, tools and equipment
For aircrew, eye protection, cockpit canopy shields and maintain prescribed weapon delivery profiles
Effects of a nuclear detonation
Blast
Thermal
Radiation
What is the purpose of detectors
Convert MODULATED IR energy to an electrical signal
What is the primary purpose of a reticle
Modulate IR energy via opaque and clear tracking windows and varies output of the electrical signal sent to the GCS based upon where the IR energy hits the reticle
Characteristics of semiactive guidance
Aircraft radar tracks the target while the missile homes in on the reflected radar energy
Has a radar receiver but no transmitter
characteristics of active guidance
Missile has its own transmit and receive radar
Missile has onboard inertial guidance system
Active guidance advantages/disadvantages
Advantages:
- Accurate at long range
- difficult to jam
- launch and leave capability
- multitargeting
Disadvantages:
- complex
- jamming against TTR may be effective prior to missile radar acquiring target
Semiactive guidance advantages/disadvantages
Advantages:
- accurate at longer ranges
- resistant to EA
- can be guided almost immediately after launch
- can compute its own course corrections
Disadvantages:
- required reference Doppler be sent to missile before launch
- must maintain lock on target Doppler
- missile that required lock on before launch limits max range
- shooter must maintain target lock thruout TOF
What affects forward quarter performance max range
Target detection
Motor
Drag
Guidance life
What affects forward quarter performance min range
LTE delays
Arming delays
Fuzing
Guidance enable
Missile maneuverability
Gimbal limits
Define F Pole
Range from fighter to target when missile impacts target
Define A pole
Range from fighter to target when active missile acquires the target with its own radar and requires no support from launching aircraft
Define Minimum Abort Range (aka E-Pole)
The minimum range from a threat aircraft that a drag can be accomplished to kinematically defeat any missile the threat aircraft could have launched
**Define Minimum Notch Range (aka N-Pole)
The Minimum range from a threat aircraft that a notch maneuver can be accomplished
**List the 5 basic weapon effects
Blast/Shock
Fragmentation
Cratering/penetrate
Armor penetration
Incendiary
List the general purpose (GP) bomb characteristics
Cast steel casing
Nose fuze and tail fuze wells
Aerodynamic body shape
50% explosive weight
“Jack of all trades”
Rule of thumb for MK82 penetration
1 ft
Rule of thumb for MK84 penetration
3 ft
Describe penetration bomb characteristics
Explosive weight: 10-30% total weight
Heavy, forged-steel case to prevent breakup
Tapered nose and parallel sides to prevent ricochet
Tail fuze well only to ensure nose structural integrity
Best penetration capability
Rule of thumb for BLU109 penetration
6 ft
Rule of thumb for BLU113 penetration
22 ft
CBU-97 has good capability against
Moving vehicles
CBU-97 advantages and limitations
Advantages:
- blankets area with antiarmor and frag kill mechanisms
- capability against moving targets
Limitations:
- political constraints
- wind and attack axis sensitive
Munition guidance system consists of……
Attitude control system
Flight path control system
3 broad guidance system categories
Control guidance
Homing guidance
Self-contained guidance
AGM-65 employment considerations
Precision accuracy
Fair weather required
Launch and leave
Low collateral damage
Limited standoff
Very flexible tactics
Easy mission planning
AGM-114 and AGM-176 employment considerations (they’re the same)
Precision accuracy
Fair weather required
Low collateral damage
Limited standoff
Very flexible tactics
Easy mission planning
Tactical missile advantages
Precision accuracy
Standoff from small arms and AAA threats
Relatively simple to use
Can hit moving targets
Tactical missile disadvantages
Weather must permit target acquisition before launch
Battlefield obscurants may impede guidance
Relatively small warheads
Laser guided bomb advantages
Standoff from small arms and AAA threats
Relatively simple to use
Man in the loop to impact
Accurate weapon with real time hit assessment
Can hit moving targets
Laser guidance bomb disadvantages
Shorter standoff ranges relative to boosted weapons
Required close-in designator support
Line of sight for weapon and designator must be accommodated
Weather/battlefield obscurants may impede guidance
***Factors that affect GPS aided accuracy
Navigation errors
Guidance and Control (G&C) errors
Target location errors (TLE)
GPS aided munition advantages
Standoff from small arms and AAA threats
Adverse weather and battlefield obscurant capable
Multiple delivery platforms available
Multiple weapons/aim points per pass
GPS aided munitions disadvantages
No man in the loop after release
GPS jamming may impede guidance
Cannot hit moving targets
Basic concept of operations of GPS-aided munitions
Potential question
- weapon is released and will autonomously guide to its target, regardless of weather
- guidance is accomplished via the coupling of an accurate GPS with an INS
- the GCU provide accurate guidance in both the GPS-aided INS modes of operation and INS only modes of operation
The GBU-28 has ………. guidance with semiactive homing laser terminal guidance
GPS/INS
