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Conflict Studies > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

War

A

An event involving the organized use of military force by at least two parties that satisfies some minimum threshold of severity.

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2
Q

Interstate War

A

A war in which the main participants are states.

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3
Q

Intrastate War (Civil War)

A

A war in which the main participants are within the same state, such as the government and a rebel group.

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4
Q

Limited War

A

a war in which the weapons used, the nations or territory involved, or the objectives pursued are restricted in some way, in particular one in which the use of nuclear weapons is avoided.

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5
Q

Total War

A

a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.

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6
Q

Delineation

A

the action of indicating the exact position of a border or boundary

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7
Q

Demarcation

A

the marking of the limits or boundaries of something: the act, process, or result of demarcating something

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8
Q

Sovereignty

A

The expectation that states have legal and political supremacy- or ultimate authority-within their territorial boundaries

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9
Q

Natural Resources

A

materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

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10
Q

Renewable Resources

A

a resource which can be used repeatedly because it is replaced naturally.

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11
Q

Nonrenewable Resources

A

a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.

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12
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

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13
Q

Uses for Oil

A 
•Gasoline
•Distillate fuel oil
Hydrocarbon gas liquids
•Asphalt and road oil
•Lubricants
•Kerosene
•Wax
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14
Q

Dutch Disease

A

the negative impact on an economy of anything that gives rise to a sharp inflow of foreign currency, such as the discovery of large oil reserves. The currency inflows lead to currency appreciation, making the country’s other products less price competitive on the export market

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15
Q

The Resource Curse

A
  • Poor economic growth and exposure to shock
  • Low standards of living, poverty, and inequalities
  • High levels of Corruption
  • Authoritarianism and poor governance
  • Risk of civil war
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16
Q

Aquifer

A

Underground, water-bearing rock strata

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17
Q

Ideology

A

System of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

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18
Q

Propaganda

A

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

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19
Q

Communism

A

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

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20
Q

Marxism

A

is a branch of socialism, a theory that holds that the more powerful classes oppress and exploit the less powerful by denying them their fair share of the surplus they create.

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21
Q

Domino Theory:

A

The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall.

22
Q

Rivalry

A

Competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field.

23
Q

War and Rivalry Among Great Powers

A
  • War is more likely among major powers
  • Define rivals using the idea of “dispute density” •Phases of rivalry
  • Self-selection
24
Q

What Causes A Rivalry?

A
  • Major power status
  • Unresolved conflict
  • Repeated violent interaction
  • Proximity
25
Q

Just War Theory

A
  • Right to Go to War (jus ad bellum)
  • Right Conduct in War (jus in bello)
  • Right Conduct After War (jus post bellum)
26
Q

Right to Go to War (jus ad bellum)

A
  • Just Cause
  • Last Resort
  • Declared by Proper Authority
  • Right Intention
  • Chance of Success
  • End is proportional to the Means
27
Q

Right Conduct in War (jus in bello)

A
  • Discrimination
  • Proportionality
  • Responsibility
28
Q

Right Conduct After War (jus post bellum)

A 
Discrimination
•Respect for the Rights of the Defeated 
•Claims of Victory are proportional to the war’s character
•Discrimination in Compensatory Claims 
•Rehabilitation and Re-education
29
Q

What affects legitimacy of Force?

A
  • Economic and Political Force
  • Aggressive versus Defensive Force
  • State or Organizational Actor
  • Force against non-state actors
30
Q

UN Principles on Force

A
  • States may not use or threaten the use of force
  • States may use force defensively, when responding to an “armed attack”
  • The UN Security Council possesses the legal monopoly on the use of force
31
Q

Just War

A

a war that is deemed to be morally or theologically justifiable.

32
Q

Alliances

A

Institutions that help their members cooperate militarily in the event of a war.

33
Q

Types of Alliances

A
  • Offensive
  • Defensive
  • Symmetric
  • Asymmetrical
34
Q

Entente alliance

A

an informal alliance of cooperation

35
Q

Non-aggression pact

A

neutrality or promise not to fight each other

36
Q

Balance of Power

A

A situation in which military capabilities of two states or groups of states are roughly equal

37
Q

Bandwagoning

A

A strategy in which states join forces with the stronger side in a conflict.

38
Q

How to Make Alliances Successful

A
  • Strength of common interests
  • Ability of alliance to alter member preferences •Effectiveness of convincing the adversary
  • Limit risks of entrapment
39
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

An alliance formed in 1949 among the US, Canada, and most of the states of Western Europe in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliances requires the members to consider an attack on any one of them as an attack on all.

40
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

A military alliance formed in 1955 to bring together the Soviet Union and its Cold War allies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere. It dissolved on March 31, 1991, as the Cold War ended.

41
Q

Civil War

A

An armed conflict that occurs between organized actors within a state and that meets some minimum threshold for severity

42
Q

Separatism

A

The desire to create an independent state on territory carved from an existing state.

43
Q

Irredentism

A

he desire to detach a region from one country and attach it to another, usually because of shared ethnic or religious ties.

44
Q

Why is there civil war?

A
  • Group level explanation
  • Country level explanation
  • International factors
45
Q

Group Level Explanation

A
  • Mobilization
  • Ethnic Groups
  • Criminal Gangs
  • Forced Recruitment
46
Q

Country Level Explanations

A
  • Factors that contribute to civil war
  • Political institutions and regime type
  • Wealth
  • Demographics and geography
47
Q

International Factors

A

•Foreign states may aid rebels whom they support

48
Q

Proxy Wars

A

A conflict in which two opposing states “fight” by supporting opposite sides in a war, such as the government and rebels in a third state.

49
Q

Insurgency

A

A military strategy in which small, often lightly armed units engage in hit-and-run attacks against military, government, and civilian targets.

50
Q

Ethnicity

A

An ethnic group; a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language or the like

51
Q

Race

A

Each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics.

Conflict Studies (1 decks)

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