Test 3

Question 1

A method of layering that involves girdling a stem above the ground and covering it in moist media before wrapping it in plastic and sealing it

Answer 1

air layering

Question 2

A method of layering that involves laying an entire branch horizontally on the surface of the soil and that yields numerous daughter plants rather than just one; also known as French layering

Answer 2

compound layering

Question 3

A method of layering that combines division and layering techniques and in which an entire plant is buried in a hole until only the tips are exposed; only works on a limited number of shrub species

Answer 3

drop layering

Question 4

Term used to describe the rooted stem produced by layering

Answer 4

layer

Question 5

A form of rooting cuttings in which adventitious roots are initiated on a stem while it is still attached to a plant

Answer 5

layering

Question 6

A method of layering in which shoots are cut back to the ground and soil or other media is mounded around them to stimulate roots to develop at their bases

Answer 6

Mound Layering

Question 7

A method of layering for plants with long, flexible shoots that involves alternately covering and uncovering sections of a horizontal shoot laid on the surface of the soil; produces multiple daughter plants

Answer 7

Serpentine layering

Question 8

A method of layering that involves bending an intact shoot to the ground to cause adventitious roots to form and that yields one daughter plant

Answer 8

Simple Layering

Question 9

The resulting rooted shoot from mound layering

Answer 9

stool shoot

Question 10

A method of layering that naturally occurs in some Rubus species

Answer 10

Tip Layering

Question 11

Thickened area the base of a bulb

Answer 11

Basal plate

Question 12

A specialized underground storage organ composed of a modified bud that includes leaf and flower tissues

Answer 12

Bulb

Question 13

A specialized underground storage organ composed of stem tissue with distinct nodes and internodes

Answer 13

Corm

Question 14

Thickened area at the base of a plant from which shoots and roots emerge

Answer 14

Crown

Question 15

A method of asexual propagation that involves splitting an existing plant into smaller pieces, each of which contains a portion of the parent plant’s crown

Answer 15

Division

Question 16

Plant that survives as a specialized underground storage organ

Answer 16

Geophyte

Question 17

A bulb with loosely arranged scales and without membranous outer scales; also known as a “scaly” bulb

Answer 17

Non-tunicate bulb

Question 18

Section of a rhizome with roots and a terminal flower bud

Answer 18

Pip

Question 19

A unique type of geophyte that is often above ground, grows off of a rhizome, and has a leaf or flower at one end

Answer 19

Pseudobulb

Question 20

An underground stem

Answer 20

Rhizome

Question 21

A method of asexually propagating bulbs that involves removing the basal plate

Answer 21

Scooping

Question 22

A method of asexually propagating bulbs that involves making deep cuts in the basal plate

Answer 22

Scoring

Question 23

An adventitious shoot produced on a fleshy root

Answer 23

Slip

Question 24

A specialized underground storage organ composed of swollen stem tissue that can be propagated by cutting it up into sections containing at least one node

Answer 24

tuber

Question 25

A specialized underground storage organ composed of root tissue

Answer 25

tuberous root

Question 26

A bulb with membranous outer bulb scales surrounding fleshy, concentric inner scales

Answer 26

Tunicate bulb

Question 27

A method of asexually propagating tunicate bulbs by splitting the parent bulbs into segments containing two scales and a portion of the basal plate

Answer 27

Twin-scaling

Question 28

The ability of the bark to be separated from the wood at certain times of the growing season due to high levels of callus production by the vascular cambium

Answer 28

Bark Slippage

Question 29

A type of repair grafting in which scions are grafted to the trunk of the original tree in such a way as to conduct water and carbohydrates across a damaged area of the trunk

Answer 29

Bridge grafting

Question 30

Grafting technique where the scion is a small piece of bark, sometimes with wood, containing one bud

Answer 30

Budding

Question 31

A double graft involving a rootstock, interstock, and scion whether done in one or two steps

Answer 31

doubleworking

Question 32

The juncture at which the scion and stock of a grafted plant have successfully united

Answer 32

Graft union

Question 33

The art of joining parts of plants together in such a manner that they will unite and continue their growth as one plant

Answer 33

grafting

Question 34

A type of repair grafting in which seedlings or suckers at the base of the original tree are grafted into the trunk to provide a new root system for a tree with damaged roots

Answer 34

Inarching

Question 35

The inability of a grafted scion and stock to produce a successful graft union or to have the resulting grafted plant develop satisfactorily

Answer 35

Incompatibility

Question 36

Between individuals of different taxonomic families

Answer 36

Interfamilial

Question 37

Between individuals of the same family, but different genera

Answer 37

Intergeneric

Question 38

Between individuals of the same genus, but different species

Answer 38

Interspecific

Question 39

An intermedicate stem or bud piece grafted between a scion and rootstock

Answer 39

Interstock

Question 40

Between individuals of the same species, but different clones or cultivars

Answer 40

Intraspecific

Question 41

Early flowering

Answer 41

Precocity

Question 42

The lower or root-bearing portion of a grafted plant

Answer 42

Rootstock

Question 43

The upper portion or top of a grafted plant

Answer 43

Scion

Question 44

Changing the scion variety or cultivar by grafting onto usually established plantings or rootstocks for the purpose of replacing undesirable cultivars, establishing pollinators, or several scion cultivars on one stock

Answer 44

Topworking

Question 45

The last stage of micropropagation in which the delicate new plant must be kept in an environment with high humidity and protection from pathogens

Answer 45

Acclimatization

Question 46

A shoot that forms in tissue culture from parenchyma cells in tissue that may or may not be shoot tissue; this type of shoot forms more rapidly in tissue culture but has a low level of genetic uniformity

Answer 46

Adventitious shoot

Question 47

A substance used to create a semi-solid (rather than liquid) growth medium in tissue culture

Answer 47

Agar

Question 48

A heavy growth medium made from expanded clay that never decomposes and provides good aeration; often used for orchids

Answer 48

Aliflor

Question 49

Free from bacteria and other contaminating pathogens

Answer 49

Aseptic

Question 50

A shoot that forms in tissue culture from a new bud formed during the micropropagation process; this type of shoot forms more slowly but with greater genetic uniformity

Answer 50

Axillary shoot

Question 51

Older, leafless pseudobulbs

Answer 51

Blackblub

Question 52

A method by which a plant with a mutation in only one or two histogenic layers can be grown in tissue culture and stabilized such that the mutation is in all three histogenic layers of the new plant(s)

Answer 52

Chimera resolution

Question 53

The first stage of micropropagation in which small, branched plantlets form on media that usually does not contain any growth regulators

Answer 53

Establishment

Question 54

A section of plant tissue from which new plants are propagated in tissue culture

Answer 54

Explant

Question 55

The name used to refer to a particular interspecific cross in the scientific name of an orchid

Answer 55

Grex

Question 56

Term applied to plant hormones, especially when referring to plant hormones that are synthetically produced and used in tissue culture

Answer 56

Growth regulator

Question 57

Phrase literally meaning "in the glass" often used to refer to tissue culture

Answer 57

In vitro

Question 58

Aerial orchid plantlet

Answer 58

Keiki

Question 59

A piece of equipment used in tissue culture labs to maintain a sterile work area through the use of a series of air filters

Answer 59

Laminar flow hood

Question 60

Development of new plants in artificial medium under aseptic conditions from very small portions of plants; can be an asexual or sexual form of plant propagation

Answer 60

Micropropagation

Question 61

A term for a growth form in orchids in which there is only one main stem arising directly from the roots

Answer 61

Monopodial

Question 62

The stage of micropropagation in which plantlets are cut apart and placed on new media with a high cytokinin:auxin ratio so that new axillary or adventitious shoots can form

Answer 62

Multiplication

Question 63

A plant with multiple copies of its DNA in each cell (3 or more)

Answer 63

Polyploid

Question 64

The stage of micropropagation in which new plantlets form roots prior to being removed from the tissue culture environment

Answer 64

Pretransplant

Question 65

Stem tissue of sympodial orchids used as food and water storage; a type of geophyte found only in orchids

Answer 65

Pseudobulb

Question 66

A term for a growth form in orchids in which multiple pseudobulbs branch off an underground stem (rhizome) that arises from the roots

Answer 66

Sympodial

Question 67

Another term used to describe micropropagation but also used to refer to other applications besides propagation for growing new plantlets in an in vitro environment

Answer 67

Tissue culture