Test 3 Flashcards by Dominique Douthat

What is React

Sending out motor commands

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What Processes information

Inter neurons

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What are Neurons purpose

Send and receive signals

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Neuroglia is defined as?

Cells that support

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What is included in the Central nervous system

Brain spinal cord

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What is included in the Peripheral nervous system

Sensory, nerves
Afferent division- sensory info., begins with receptors
Efferent division- motor info., terminates with effectors

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Enteric nervous system includes?

Digestive system

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Somatic nervous system includes?

Skeletal muscle

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Autonomic nervous system is identified as?

And includes two effects

In charge of sending things that we don’t have control of.
Sympathetic- stimulating effect
Parasympathetic- relaxing effect

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Axon is defined as?

Connector tubes on a cell that sends and delivers messages

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Telodendria is defined as?

Synaptic terminals

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Nissl bodies is defined as?

Concentration of ribosomes, gray matter

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Dendrites purpose is to?

Receive information from other neurons

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What are Inter neurons involved in?

Involved in higher functions

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Unipolar is defined as?

Only acts as sensory neurons

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Glial cells

Supporting cells that make up half the volume of the nervous system

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Astrocytes

Maintain blood-brain barrier

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Oligodendrocytes

Myelinate CNS axons

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Microglia

Removes cell debris by phagocytosis

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Ependymal cells

Line ventricles, produce and regulate CSF

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Myelin

Speeds up action potential

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Satellite cells

Maintenance

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Schwann cells

Form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons

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Graded potential

Temporary localized stimulus

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Action potential

An electrical signal

Threshold

Value at which action potential is sent

Propagation

Action potential moving down the cell

Depolarization

Extreme positive

Repolarization

Extreme negative

Continuous propagation

Continuous, sense there is no myelin

Saltatory propagation

Jumps from node to node

Area of polarity reversal

Nodes that jump from myelin sheath

Presynaptic cell

Neurons that sends messages

Postsynaptic cell

Cell that receives message

Chemical synapse

Neurotransmitters are released across the cleft | Are not directly connected

Electrical synapse

Connected | Cells that are joined for ions to pass from one cell to another

Four parts of the Central nervous system

Cerebrum Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Coordination Emotion Memory

Gyri (type of grey matter)

Ridge

Sulci (type of gray matter)

Dip

Parietal lobe

Somatosensation

Sensory info coming from body

Proprioception

Knowing where body parts are in 3D form

Occipital lobe

Primary visual cortex

Temporal lobe

Processes smell and hearing

Frontal lobe

Motor cortex

Precentral gyrus

Most motor stuff comes from here

Premotor area

Thinking about movements to be made

Frontal eye field

Controls eye movements

Broca’s area

Controls movements for speech

Visual association area

Interprets activity and visual cortex

Auditory association area

Interprets activity and auditory cortex

Somatic sensory association area

Interprets activity in primary sensory cortex

Somatic motor association area

Coordinates motor responses of learned movements

Basal forebrain

Acetylcholine production for the brain

Basal nuclei

Control general body movements

Pineal gland

Regulates sleep wake cycle’s

Thalamus

Relay hub, processes info going in and out

Hypothalamus

Gate keeper of homeostasis

Midbrain

Coordinate sensory information

Superior colliculi

Visual information

Interior colliculi

Auditory information

Pons

Motor commands

Medulla

Regulates autonomic functions

Cerebellum

Adjusts postural muscles of the body

Alpha waves

Relaxed

Beta waves

Concentrating

Theta waves

Seen in children and in intensely frustrated adults

Delta waves

Large amplitude, low frequency waves

White matter

Myelinated axon’s

Gray matter

Contains cell bodies mainly

Ascending tracts

Sensory

Descending tracts

Motor

Four spinal nerves

Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

Name the two spinal nerve roots

Ventral, dorsal

What are the three connective tissue layers of the spinal nerve

Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium

Epineurium

Outer layer of tissue on the spinal nerve

Perineurium

Middle layer of tissue on the spinal nerve

Endoneurium

Inner layer of tissue on the spinal nerve

First order neuron

Sensory neuron delivers sensations to the CNS

Second order neuron

Axon of the sensory neuron synapses on an interneuron in the CNS

Third order neuron

Gets it to the consciousness

Posterior column pathway

Fine touch

Spinocerebellar pathway

Proprioception

Corticospinal pathway

Voluntary control

Medial pathway

Control of muscle tone and gross movements

Lateral pathway

Control of muscle tone and precise movements