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vtec 4090 > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Positive intropic drugs do what to the heart?

A

can increase oxygen demand of the heart muscle
can damage contractile apparatus
can increase tendency for arrhythmia

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2
Q

positive intropic drugs…

A

cardiac glycosides
catecholamines
bipyridine derivaties
mixed dilators

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3
Q

cardiac glycosides indications

A

impaired cardiac contraction CHF

atrial arrhythmia

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4
Q

cardiac glycosides dosage forms

A

digoxin elixir

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5
Q

cardiac glycosides adverse side effects

A

anorexia, vomitting, diarrhea
arrhythmia
monitor pet for GI signs

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6
Q

catecholamines are

A

sympathomimetics

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7
Q

catecholamines do what?

A

increase force and create of muscle contraction
constrict peripheral blood vessels elevate blood glucose levels
can be used for cardiac resuscitation

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8
Q

catecholamine drugs

A

epinephrine
dopamine
dobutamine

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9
Q

catecholamine adverse side effects

A

hypertension, anxiety and excitability

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10
Q

Isoproterenol is only used for

A

atropine-resistant bradycardia

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11
Q

Dopamine uses…

A

heart failure associated with anesthetic emergencies
after cardiac resuscitation
oliguric renal failure

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12
Q

dopamine adverse side effects

A

vomitting, tachycardia, dyspnea

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13
Q

Dobutamine does what

A

increase cardiac output
doesn’t cause arrhythmia’s
doesn’t increase heart rate
administered IV infusion in emergency cases

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14
Q

Bipyridine derivates drugs…(2)

A

amrinone-IV

milrimone- oral

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15
Q

bipyridine derivatives work by…

A

inhibiting enzymes that lead to increase In cellular calcium

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16
Q

anti arrhythmic drugs

A

xylazine
halothane
digoxin
thiobarbiturates

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17
Q

Class IA drugs (2)

A

quinidine

procainamide

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18
Q

quinidine is used for

A

long term use
oral
ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia

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19
Q

quinidine side effects

A

anorexia, vomiting, weakness

laminitis in horses

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20
Q

Procanamide uses

A

premature ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia cardia
atrial tachycardia

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21
Q

prcanamide side effects

A

GI, hypotension

all dose related

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22
Q

Class BI drugs (3)

A

lidocaine
tocainide
mexiletine

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23
Q

Lidocaine uses

A

uses for emergencies

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24
Q

side effects of lidocaine

A

rare- drowsiness, depression, ataxia

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25
Q

Tocainide and mexiletine given how?

A

may be given orally

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26
Q

Class IC drugs

A

seldom used

Flecainide and encainide

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27
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers (2)

A

propanolol

Atenolol

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28
Q

Propanolol uses

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
various arrhythmias
in cats to treat systemic hypertension and hyperthyroidism

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29
Q

propranolol side effects

A

bradycardia
hypotension
lathargy

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30
Q

propranolol must be tapered off therapy because…

A

they may develop tachycardia or hypertension if stopped abruptly

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31
Q

Atenolol uses

A

supraventricluar tachyarrythmias
hypertension
cardiomyopathy

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32
Q

Atenolol adverse side effects

A

bradycardia lethargy syncope

heart failure

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33
Q

calcium channel blockers do what

A

depresses contractile mechanisms

depresses automaticly and impulse transmission

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34
Q

Verapamil HCl uses

A

tachycardia

atrial flutter

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35
Q

veramail HCl adverse effects

A

hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary edema

36
Q

Diltiazem uses

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats

tachyarrythmias

37
Q

Vasodilator drugs (4)

A

Hydralazine
Nitroglycerin
Prazosin
ACE inhibitors

38
Q

hydralazine uses

A

arteriolar dilator

39
Q

hydralizine side effects

A

hypotension, sodium and water retention

40
Q

Nitroglycerin uses

A

ventilator

apply topically to hairless areas

41
Q

nitroglycerin side effects

A

minimal only really rashes on application site

42
Q

Prazosin uses

A

combined vasodilator

treats CHF, pulmonary hypertension

43
Q

Prazosin side effects

A

syncope, GI, Hypotension

44
Q

Ace inhibitors drugs

A

enalopril

captopril

45
Q

ace inhibitor uses

A

treats class 3,2,4 heart failure

46
Q

ace inhibitor side effects

A

hypotension, azotemia, hyperkalemia

47
Q

Diuretics uses

A

reduce plasma volume

used for CHF patients

48
Q

Diruretics side effects

A

hypokalemia, hyponatrmia, ototoxicity weakness

shock

49
Q

urination follows after dosing within ____ to ___ minutes when uses diruretics.

A

20-30 min

50
Q

dietary management of heart disease

A

sodium restriction

body weight management

51
Q

ancillary treatment of heart disease

A 
bronchodilators
oxygen therapy 
sedation
aspirin 
thoracocentesis
52
Q

Monogastric animals

A

dog
cat
primates

53
Q

ruminant animals

A

three stomachs and one true stomach

54
Q

four compartments of ruminant stomach

A

reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

55
Q

equines, rabbits, and some rodents have what kind of stomach

A

hind gut fermentation
monogastric
large cecum

56
Q

mice need what to prevent obesity?

A

leptin

57
Q

vomiting….

A

forceful ejection of the contents of stomachs and sometimes intestines

58
Q

vomiting is activated by what part of the brain

A

medulla with input from cerebral cortex

59
Q

which animals do not vomit?

A

horses
rabbits
rodents

60
Q

persistent vomitting causes problems of

A

dehydration
electrolyte imbalances
acid base imblalance

61
Q

emetics are drugs that?

A

induce vomiting

62
Q

do not uses emetics in

A

comatose patients
depressed pharyngeal reflexes
shock or dyspneic
or if ingested strong acids

63
Q

centrally acting emetics

A

apomorphine

64
Q

apomorphine uses

A

in dogs,

administered topically in conjunctival sac or by injection

65
Q

apomorphine times with IM,IV,TOPICAL

A

IM:5-10min
IV:immediatly
TOPICAL:10-20min

66
Q

apomorphine given topically need to be wiped of when?

A

immediately

67
Q

Treat overdose of apomorphine with?

A

naloxone

68
Q

adverse side effects of apomorphine

A

sedation, ataxia, hypotension

69
Q

antiemetics drug classes/drugs

A 
procainamide derivatives
metoclopramide
antihistamine
anticholingerics
butyrophenones 
serotonin receptor agent
NK-1 receptor agents
70
Q

xylazine induces vomittin in what species

A

cat, within 3-5 min

71
Q

cefalozin

A

induces vomiting when administered IV

72
Q

phenothiazine derivatives are

A

chlorpromazine

prochlorperazine

73
Q

side effects of phenothiazine derivatives

A

sedation ataxia and hypotension

74
Q

procainamide derivatives

A

blocks dopamine receptors

increase gastric contraction, speeds gastric emptying

75
Q

Metolopramide

A

useful for parvovirus enteritis or uremic vomiting

76
Q

metoclopramide side effects

A

behavioral in horses dogs cats
constipation
do not use if GI is obstructed

77
Q

antihistamines

A 
Trimethobenzamide
dimenhydrinate
diphenhydramine
Meclizine
promethazine
78
Q

antihistamines may cause

A

drowsiness

79
Q

antihistamines uses

A

motion sickness or inner eat loss of equilibrium

80
Q

Anticholingerics do what

A

act peripherally to reduce GI spasms, intestinal motility and secretions

81
Q

anticholingeric drugs

A

aminopentamide

propantheline

82
Q

butyrophenones drugs

A

droperidol/fentanyl

83
Q

butyrophenones are

A

tranquilizers that block CRTZ

84
Q

serotonin receptor antagonists

A

receptors found on vagal nerve terminals

85
Q

NK-1 receptors antagonists drug

A

maropitant citrate

86
Q

peptic ulcers

A

secondary to stress

87
Q

peptic ulcers signs

A

anorexia
abdominal pain
melena

vtec 4090 (1 decks)

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