test 3 Flashcards
Positive intropic drugs do what to the heart?
can increase oxygen demand of the heart muscle
can damage contractile apparatus
can increase tendency for arrhythmia
positive intropic drugs…
cardiac glycosides
catecholamines
bipyridine derivaties
mixed dilators
cardiac glycosides indications
impaired cardiac contraction CHF
atrial arrhythmia
cardiac glycosides dosage forms
digoxin elixir
cardiac glycosides adverse side effects
anorexia, vomitting, diarrhea
arrhythmia
monitor pet for GI signs
catecholamines are
sympathomimetics
catecholamines do what?
increase force and create of muscle contraction
constrict peripheral blood vessels elevate blood glucose levels
can be used for cardiac resuscitation
catecholamine drugs
epinephrine
dopamine
dobutamine
catecholamine adverse side effects
hypertension, anxiety and excitability
Isoproterenol is only used for
atropine-resistant bradycardia
Dopamine uses…
heart failure associated with anesthetic emergencies
after cardiac resuscitation
oliguric renal failure
dopamine adverse side effects
vomitting, tachycardia, dyspnea
Dobutamine does what
increase cardiac output
doesn’t cause arrhythmia’s
doesn’t increase heart rate
administered IV infusion in emergency cases
Bipyridine derivates drugs…(2)
amrinone-IV
milrimone- oral
bipyridine derivatives work by…
inhibiting enzymes that lead to increase In cellular calcium
anti arrhythmic drugs
xylazine
halothane
digoxin
thiobarbiturates
Class IA drugs (2)
quinidine
procainamide
quinidine is used for
long term use
oral
ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia
quinidine side effects
anorexia, vomiting, weakness
laminitis in horses
Procanamide uses
premature ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia cardia
atrial tachycardia
prcanamide side effects
GI, hypotension
all dose related
Class BI drugs (3)
lidocaine
tocainide
mexiletine
Lidocaine uses
uses for emergencies
side effects of lidocaine
rare- drowsiness, depression, ataxia
Tocainide and mexiletine given how?
may be given orally
Class IC drugs
seldom used
Flecainide and encainide
Beta adrenergic blockers (2)
propanolol
Atenolol
Propanolol uses
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
various arrhythmias
in cats to treat systemic hypertension and hyperthyroidism
propranolol side effects
bradycardia
hypotension
lathargy
propranolol must be tapered off therapy because…
they may develop tachycardia or hypertension if stopped abruptly
Atenolol uses
supraventricluar tachyarrythmias
hypertension
cardiomyopathy
Atenolol adverse side effects
bradycardia lethargy syncope
heart failure
calcium channel blockers do what
depresses contractile mechanisms
depresses automaticly and impulse transmission
Verapamil HCl uses
tachycardia
atrial flutter
veramail HCl adverse effects
hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary edema
Diltiazem uses
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats
tachyarrythmias
Vasodilator drugs (4)
Hydralazine
Nitroglycerin
Prazosin
ACE inhibitors
hydralazine uses
arteriolar dilator
hydralizine side effects
hypotension, sodium and water retention
Nitroglycerin uses
ventilator
apply topically to hairless areas
nitroglycerin side effects
minimal only really rashes on application site
Prazosin uses
combined vasodilator
treats CHF, pulmonary hypertension
Prazosin side effects
syncope, GI, Hypotension
Ace inhibitors drugs
enalopril
captopril
ace inhibitor uses
treats class 3,2,4 heart failure
ace inhibitor side effects
hypotension, azotemia, hyperkalemia
Diuretics uses
reduce plasma volume
used for CHF patients
Diruretics side effects
hypokalemia, hyponatrmia, ototoxicity weakness
shock
urination follows after dosing within ____ to ___ minutes when uses diruretics.
20-30 min
dietary management of heart disease
sodium restriction
body weight management
ancillary treatment of heart disease
bronchodilators oxygen therapy sedation aspirin thoracocentesis
Monogastric animals
dog
cat
primates
ruminant animals
three stomachs and one true stomach
four compartments of ruminant stomach
reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum
equines, rabbits, and some rodents have what kind of stomach
hind gut fermentation
monogastric
large cecum
mice need what to prevent obesity?
leptin
vomiting….
forceful ejection of the contents of stomachs and sometimes intestines
vomiting is activated by what part of the brain
medulla with input from cerebral cortex
which animals do not vomit?
horses
rabbits
rodents
persistent vomitting causes problems of
dehydration
electrolyte imbalances
acid base imblalance
emetics are drugs that?
induce vomiting
do not uses emetics in
comatose patients
depressed pharyngeal reflexes
shock or dyspneic
or if ingested strong acids
centrally acting emetics
apomorphine
apomorphine uses
in dogs,
administered topically in conjunctival sac or by injection
apomorphine times with IM,IV,TOPICAL
IM:5-10min
IV:immediatly
TOPICAL:10-20min
apomorphine given topically need to be wiped of when?
immediately
Treat overdose of apomorphine with?
naloxone
adverse side effects of apomorphine
sedation, ataxia, hypotension
antiemetics drug classes/drugs
procainamide derivatives metoclopramide antihistamine anticholingerics butyrophenones serotonin receptor agent NK-1 receptor agents
xylazine induces vomittin in what species
cat, within 3-5 min
cefalozin
induces vomiting when administered IV
phenothiazine derivatives are
chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine
side effects of phenothiazine derivatives
sedation ataxia and hypotension
procainamide derivatives
blocks dopamine receptors
increase gastric contraction, speeds gastric emptying
Metolopramide
useful for parvovirus enteritis or uremic vomiting
metoclopramide side effects
behavioral in horses dogs cats
constipation
do not use if GI is obstructed
antihistamines
Trimethobenzamide dimenhydrinate diphenhydramine Meclizine promethazine
antihistamines may cause
drowsiness
antihistamines uses
motion sickness or inner eat loss of equilibrium
Anticholingerics do what
act peripherally to reduce GI spasms, intestinal motility and secretions
anticholingeric drugs
aminopentamide
propantheline
butyrophenones drugs
droperidol/fentanyl
butyrophenones are
tranquilizers that block CRTZ
serotonin receptor antagonists
receptors found on vagal nerve terminals
NK-1 receptors antagonists drug
maropitant citrate
peptic ulcers
secondary to stress
peptic ulcers signs
anorexia
abdominal pain
melena
