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Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system consists of what

A

Accessary gland and alimentary canal

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2
Q

What organs does the alimentary canal contain

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and anus

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3
Q

Long, muscular tube that carries food and saliva to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

How long is the esophagus

A

10’’ long and 3/4’’ diameter

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5
Q

What are the layers of the esophagus

A

Fibrous, muscular, submucosal, mucosal

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6
Q

Where does the esophagus originate

A

C6, mid-sag

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7
Q

The esophagus is posterior to

A

Trachea and heart

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8
Q

The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus

A

Cardiac antrum

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9
Q

Dilated sac-like portion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and small intestine

A

Stomach

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10
Q

What are the layers of the stomach

A

Fibrous, muscular, submucosal, mucosal

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11
Q

Immediately around esophageal opening

A

Cardia

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12
Q

Superior portion, fills dome of left hemidiaphragm

A

Fundus

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13
Q

When upright, the stomach has

A

Gas bubbles

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14
Q

Body

A

Starts at cardiac notch, ends at angular notch

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15
Q

Rugae

A

Inner mucosal layer, smooth when stomach is full

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16
Q

Pyloric antrum and narrow pyloric canal communicates with

A

Duodenal bulb

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17
Q

Right border of stomach that begins at esophagogastric junction and ends at pyloris

A

Lesser curvature

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18
Q

Left border of stomach that begins at cardiac notch and ends at pyloris

A

Greater curvature

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19
Q

Opening between esophagus and stomach controlled by cardiac sphincters

A

Cardiac orifice

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20
Q

Opening between stomach and duodenum controlled by pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloric orifice

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21
Q

Where is the stomach located in hypersthenic patients

A

Horizontal and high

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22
Q

Where is the stomach located in asthenic patients

A

Vertical and low

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23
Q

Functions of the stomach

A

Storage area for food and breaks down food mechanically and chemically

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24
Q

The small intestine extends from

A

Pyloric sphhlincter to ileocecal valve

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25
Q

What occurs in the small intestine

A

Digestion and absorption

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26
Q

What is the length of the small intestine

A

22 ft and 1-1.5 in diameter

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27
Q

The small intestine has how many layers

A

4

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28
Q

The mucosa has finger-like projections called

A

Villi

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29
Q

Portions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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30
Q

Duodenum is how long

A

8’‘-10’’ long

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31
Q

Widest portion of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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32
Q

Most fixed portion of the small intestine

A

Duodenal loop

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33
Q

First region of duodenum (superior)

A

Duodenum bulb

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34
Q

Second region of duodenum

A

Descending: near head of pancreas and liver

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35
Q

Third region of duodenum

A

Horizontal and inferior

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36
Q

Fourth region of duodenum

A

Ascending: joins jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure

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37
Q

Upper 2/5th of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

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38
Q

Lower 3/5th of the small intestine

A

Ileum

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39
Q

Freely movable loops

A

Gyri

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40
Q

Large intestine

A

Begins at right, iliac region and ends at anus

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41
Q

Parts of large intestine

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

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42
Q

How long is the large intestine

A

5’ long

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43
Q

Taeniae coli

A

3 thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle

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44
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A

Reabsorption of fluid and elimintaion of waste

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45
Q

Pouch-like portion of large intestine below junction of ileum and colon

A

Cecum

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46
Q

How long is the cecum

A

2.5’’ long and 3’’ in diameter

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47
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Below junction of ascending colon and cecum

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48
Q

The alimentary canal is how long

A

30 ft

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49
Q

The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed

A

Chyme

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50
Q

What is the length of the small intestine

A

22 ft and 1-1.5 in diameter

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51
Q

The small intestine has how many layers

A

4

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52
Q

The mucosa has finger-like projections called

A

Villi

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53
Q

Portions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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54
Q

Duodenum is how long

A

8’‘-10’’ long

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55
Q

Widest portion of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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56
Q

Most fixed portion of the small intestine

A

Duodenal loop

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57
Q

First region of duodenum (superior)

A

Duodenum bulb

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58
Q

Second region of duodenum

A

Descending: near head of pancreas and liver

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59
Q

Third region of duodenum

A

Horizontal and inferior

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60
Q

Fourth region of duodenum

A

Ascending: joins jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure

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61
Q

Upper 2/5th of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

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62
Q

Lower 3/5th of the small intestine

A

Ileum

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63
Q

Freely movable loops

A

Gyri

64
Q

Large intestine

A

Begins at right, iliac region and ends at anus

65
Q

Parts of large intestine

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

66
Q

How long is the large intestine

A

5’ long

67
Q

Taeniae coli

A

3 thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle

68
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A

Reabsorption of fluid and elimintaion of waste

69
Q

Pouch-like portion of large intestine below junction of ileum and colon

A

Cecum

70
Q

How long is the cecum

A

2.5’’ long and 3’’ in diameter

71
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Below junction of ascending colon and cecum

72
Q

The alimentary canal is how long

A

30 ft

73
Q

The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed

A

Chyme

74
Q

The first portion of the duodenum is

A

duodenal bul

75
Q

The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into the

A

greater duodenal papilla

76
Q

The duodenum joins the jejunum at the

A

duodenojejunal flexure

77
Q

Large intestine is how long

A

5’long

78
Q

Series of pouches that make up large intestine

A

haustra

79
Q

Wormlike attachment of the cecum

A

vermiform appendix

80
Q

Passes superiorly from the junction with the cecum to undersurface of the liver

A

ascending colon

81
Q

The ascending colon joins the transverse colon at

A

right colic flexure

82
Q

longest movable part of the colon

A

transverse

83
Q

The transverse colon joins the descending colon at

A

left colic flexure

84
Q

What is a “s” shaped loop that joins the rectum at s-3

A

sigmoid colon

85
Q

The rectum is how long

A

6 inches

86
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

87
Q

Condition of diverticula in the colon without inflammation

A

diverticulosis

88
Q

inflammation of diverticula

A

diverticulitis

89
Q

A pouch created by the herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat

A

diverticulum

90
Q

Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm h

A

Hiatal hernia

91
Q

Telescoping of a portion of the bowel

A

intussusception

92
Q

A contraction of waves that provides movement throughout the GI tract

A

peristalsis

93
Q

Barium usually reaches the rectum within

A

24 hours

94
Q

what allows us to view the alimentary canal dynamically

A

fluoroscopy

95
Q

Water insoluble salt used in exams of the alimentary canal

A

barium sulfate

96
Q

two factors that speed barium travels through the GI

A

temp, consistency, motile function of the canal, suspension medium

97
Q

Why is iodinated contrast inferior to barium sulfate studies of the small intestine

A

it dilutes in the small intestine

98
Q

What type of contrast is used for a perforated bowel

A

water-soluble iodinated

99
Q

What is a con of using water-soluble contrast

A

bitterness and hyperosmolar

100
Q

Why is short exposure time important for GI studies

A

To eliminate involuntary motion

101
Q

A single contrast study of the esophagus uses only

A

Barium or water soluble iodinated contrast

102
Q

A double contrast study of the esophagus utilizes high density barium and

A

Carbon dioxide crystals

103
Q

An esophagram should begin with the patient

A

Upright

104
Q

What size IR is used for all imaging of the esophagus

A

14X17

105
Q

RAO or LPO positions of the esophagus allows viewing of the esophagus to be unobstructed by

A

Vertebrae and heart

106
Q

Variceal filling of the esophagus may be demonstrated by using the valsalva maneuver or

A

Full expiration

107
Q

The IR should be centered on what plane on the AP projection

A

Midsagittal

108
Q

An RAO oblique esophagus should form what angle

A

35-40 degree angle

109
Q

What plane should be centered on a lateral position of the esophagus

A

Midcoronal

110
Q

The central ray should be centered where for an AP esophagus

A

T 5-6

111
Q

Why would the patient be instructed to swallow a barium tablet during an esophagram

A

To evaluate luminal narrowing

112
Q

What is the study of distal esophagus, stomach, and some of the small intestine

A

UGI’S

113
Q

How long should the patient be NPO prior to UGI

A

8 hours

114
Q

Name things that can be determined on a UGI

A

Siza, shape, and position of stomach

115
Q

Whats an advantage of a double contrast UGI series

A

Small lessions less likely to be overlooked, mucosal lining visualized better

116
Q

During what exam does a patiend undergo a double-contrast UGI followed by a single contrast

A

Biphasic exam

117
Q

An upright PA stomach requires the IR to be centered

A

3-6 lower

118
Q

An RAO of the stomach should be rotated

A

40-70 degrees

119
Q

Exposures of the stomach should be made on

A

Suspended expiration

120
Q

The fundus of the stomach is what on the LPO position

A

FIlled with barium

121
Q

What is the best position the demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in hypersthenic position

A

Right lateral position

122
Q

What position is the best way to demonstrate a hiatel hernia

A

AP Trendelenburg position

123
Q

What is 3 methods in which barium can be administered

A

Orally, reflux filling, enterclysis

124
Q

Small bowel series images should be identified using

A

time and marker

125
Q

Images of a small bowel series are done in

A

15-30 minute intervals

126
Q

When the barium reaches where the radiologist does compression images under fluoro

A

Ileocecal valve

127
Q

A small bowel series ends when the barium reaches the cecum which takes about

A

2 hours

128
Q

What should be centered to the IR in a small bowel series

A

MSP

129
Q

For the first thirty minutes the IR should be centered where for the small bowel series

A

L-2

130
Q

In a two stage BE the colon is examined with barium and then what

A

air

131
Q

What distends the lumen and shows mucosal lining of the colon and intraluminal lessions

A

Gaseous medium

132
Q

Why might CO2 be used as the negative contrast instead of regular air

A

It is absorbed more quickly

133
Q

Why is high density barium better for double contrasted BE studies

A

Because it absorbs more radiation, higher quality images

134
Q

What is an alternative to a retrograde filling exam of the large intestine

A

Using water-soluble oral contrast, waiting 4 hours, then performing images

135
Q

Why is it important for BE patients to have the large intestine completely emptied

A

Remaining fecal matter can be appear as polopoid tumors

136
Q

What temperature should the barium be prior to administration

A

85-90 degrees

137
Q

What position should the patient lie while inserting the BE tip

A

Sims

138
Q

A post- evacuation image is taken to examine

A

Mucosa of the large intestine

139
Q

Where should the IR be centered for a PA large intestine

A

Crests

140
Q

How should the IR be arranged for hypersthenic patient on AP large intestine

A

2 crosswise

141
Q

What degree and direction should be used for a PA axial large intestine

A

30-40 degree caudal

142
Q

How can the patient be positioned on a PA axial large intestine to reduce rectrosigmoid area

A

Place patient slightly RAO

143
Q

What size IR should be used for a lateral large intestine when the sigmois is the area of interest

A

10X12

144
Q

What degree and angle should be used for an AP axial large intestine

A

30-40 degree cephalic

145
Q

When PA the left colic flexure is best demonstrated on

A

LAO position

146
Q

When AP the left colic flexure is best demonstrated on

A

RPO position

147
Q

/what side is best demonstrated on the SP left lateral decubitus of the large intestine

A

Lateral ascending colon and medial descending

148
Q

How can you tell which side is up when looking at a decubitus large intestine

A

Air top

149
Q

What image is the only one that demonstrates the sigmoid area in a true axial projection

A

Chassard-Lapine Method

150
Q

What is a surgical procedure for forming an opening through the abdominal wall

A

Enterstomy

151
Q

What is an exam in which barium is put into the rectum and eliminated under fluoro

A

Defography

152
Q

What is shown on a right lateral decubitus

A

Medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon

153
Q

What is the closed system of the BE

A

It does no require removal and reinsertion of enema tip

154
Q

Enema bags have what capacity

A

3 quart (3000mL) capacity

155
Q

What is shown on a right lateral decubitus

A

Medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon

156
Q

What is the closed system of the BE

A

It does no require removal and reinsertion of enema tip

157
Q

Enema bags have what capacity

A

3 quart (3000mL) capacity

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