Test 3 Flashcards
What are the stages of change
Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
What is Pre-Contemplation
Before ready to change, they need to realize damage being done by current behavior or conditions.
Must confront defenses - or target may not hear information
The first step is to BUILD RELATIONSHIP with target
•don’t push too soon
•don’t nag
•don’t give up
What is persuasion
One party gets all of what it wants
Other side, by agreeing to new position, also gets what it wants
What is negotiation
Makes a series of concessions
Process between 2 or more parties seeking to discover a common group and reach an agreement or settle a matter of mutual concern to resolve conflict
What is fear
Focuses on bad things that will happen if target does or does not do something.
Motivate greater thinking about the topic
Natural reaction is to want to take action to protect self against threat
To work - person must have personal fear of negative consequences, but appeal must provide information about feasible action
Influence likability of sender
Must be believable
Expertise - must know what is being talked about
Trustworthiness
Can be developed over time
Similarity
Physical attractiveness
Praise- flattery
Cooperation
Types of assessments
Formative
Summative
Formative (process) evaluation
What you are doing along the process, gathering information
Summative evaluation
What you have gained by the end of the period of time
Substantive
Facts on which base arguments US census Official documents Testimony from individuals Public meetings
Collaborative
1st choice
Forceful should not be first choice, but sometimes needed
Confrontational
On continuum
Picketing and protests
Tactics may “burn bridges” (forceful)
Things to do for effective presentations
- Vary pace of words, use pause to add dramatic effect
- Stand tall, but not rigidly, posture communicates confidence
- Gesture to add emphasis to words
- Use visual aids
- Practice!
- Excellent beginning and powerful call to action at end
- Do not exceed time limit
- Practice answering questions
- Leave behind written materials
How the media shapes a message
Selecting what to cover
Editing: how to cover, who to talk to, what to select
Highlighting: determine importance, how often to cover, where to report
Analyzing and interpreting issues
Opinions on issues
Framing a message
Highlights some information as being important to consider while filtering out other information
Shifting images of issues often lead to rapid changes in law and regulations
