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Intro to Nursing > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What medications cause urination problems

A
  1. NSAIDS
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Diuretics
  4. Sedative/tranquilizers
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2
Q

Dysuria

A

Pain when urinating

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3
Q

Oliguria

A

Small amount of urine

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4
Q

Anuria

A

No urine

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5
Q

Polyuria

A

A lot of urine

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6
Q

Enuresis

A

Incontinence

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7
Q

Nocturia

A

Urination at night

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8
Q

Pyuria

A

Infected urine with pus

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9
Q

Urethral orifice

A

External urethra

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10
Q

Normal Na levels

A

135-145 meq/L

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11
Q

Normal K levels

A

3.5-5.5 meq/L

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12
Q

Normal BUN levels

A

5-25 mg/dL

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13
Q

Normal creatinine levels

A

0.5-1.5 mg/dL

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14
Q

Normal BUN/CREAT ratio

A

10:1-20:1

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15
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous pyelogram: Dye in IV goes to kidneys and shows their function

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16
Q

Cystoscope

A

Looking in bladder with camera

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17
Q

Functional incontinence

A

Due to environmental or physical problems loss of memory or disorientation (most people)

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18
Q

Reflex incontinence

A

No sensation for the need to void

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19
Q

Overflow incontinence

A

After bladder gets really full and can’t hold anymore small amounts will leak out

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20
Q

Moralizing (value transmission)

A

Parents tell kids why something is wrong

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21
Q

Laissez-faire (value transmission)

A

Hands-off form of parenting and teaching values

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22
Q

Activities when you value something

A
  1. Choosing (after consideration)
  2. Prizing (treasure that thing)
  3. Acting (live life according to it)
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23
Q

Altruism

A

Concern for welfare and well-being of others

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24
Q

Autonomy

A

Right to self-determination

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25
Q

Human dignity

A

Respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

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26
Q

Integrity

A

Acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

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27
Q

Social justice

A

Upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

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28
Q

Utilitarian theory

A

The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action (most right for the most people)

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29
Q

Deontologic theory

A

An action is right or wrong independent of its consequences (right or wrong based on what it is “lying is always wrong”)

30
Q

Beauchamp and Childress’s

Principle-Based Approach to Bioethics

A
  1. Autonomy
  2. Nonmaleficence
  3. Beneficence
  4. Justice
  5. Fidelity
  6. Veracity, accountability, privacy, confidentiality
31
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Avoid causing harm

32
Q

Beneficene

A

Benefit the patient

33
Q

Fidelity

A

Keep promises

34
Q

Ethical dilemma

A

Two (or more) clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action

35
Q

Ethical distress

A

Occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action

36
Q

Teach Acronym

A 
T: Tune into the patient
E: Edit pt information
A: Act on every teaching moment
C: Clarify often
H: Honor the pt as partner in the education process
37
Q

Differences in teaching for older adults

A
  • Short teaching sessions
  • Reduce distractions
  • Relate to familiar things
  • Prefer group settings
38
Q

S/Sx of dying client

A
  1. Loss of muscle tone
  2. Cardiovascular collapse
  3. Respiratory changes
  4. Changes in LOC
39
Q

Modeling

A

Dusky spiderweb color of skin that happens before death

40
Q

Dying definitions

A
  1. Heart-lung death

2. Cerebral death/higher brain death: Reflexes gone

41
Q

Actual loss

A

Can be recognized by others

42
Q

Perceived loss

A

Experienced by one person but not others

43
Q

Anticipatory loss

A

Loss and grief behaviors experienced before the loss actually occurs

44
Q

Grief

A

Internal emotional reaction to loss caused by separation or death

45
Q

Dysfunctional grief

A

Abnormal or distorted; inhibited or unexpressed

46
Q

Kubler-Ross stages of grieving

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
47
Q

Engle stages of grieving

A
  1. Shock and disbelief
  2. Developing awareness
  3. Restitution
  4. Resolving the loss
  5. Idealization
  6. Outcome
48
Q

POLST

A

Medical order that remains with pt across facilities

49
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS)

A

Facilitates reflex and voluntary movements

Controls cortical activities related to state of alertness

50
Q

Bulbar synchronizing region

A

Releases serotonin from specialized cells in the pons and medulla causing sleep.

51
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Control center for sleeping and waking

52
Q

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) four stages

A

Stage I and II: 5% to %50 of sleep. Light sleep
Stage III and IV: 10% of sleep; deep sleep states (delta sleep). Essential for restoring rest and releasing growth hormones
- Everything slows down and relaxes

53
Q

Raid eye movement (REM)

A

20%-25% of nights sleep. Occurs every 90 minutes, lasts 5-30 minutes. Dreams take place. Increase in everything (HR, RR, BP)

54
Q

What illnesses are associated with sleep disturbances

A
  1. GERD
  2. CAD
  3. Epilepsy
  4. Liver failure and encephalitis
  5. Hypothyroidism
  6. End-stage renal disease
55
Q

Medications associated with sleep disturbances

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Anti-parkinsonian
  3. Anti-depressant
  4. Anti-hypertensives
  5. Steroids
  6. Caffeine
  7. Asthma meds
56
Q

What medications decrease REM sleep

A
  1. Barbiturates
  2. Amphetamines
  3. Antidepressants
  4. Alcohol
57
Q

Classification of sleep disorders

A
  1. Dyssomnias

2. Parasomnias

58
Q

Dyssomnias

A

Characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness

59
Q

Parasomnias

A

Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep

60
Q

Types of dyssomnias

A
  1. Insomnia: Inability to sleep
  2. Hypersomnia: Sleeping too much
  3. Narcolepsy: Falling asleep at random
  4. Sleep apnea
  5. Restless leg syndrome
  6. Sleep deprivation
61
Q

Polysomnography

A

Sleep study to see how well someone sleeps

62
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

Used with pt with sleep apnea. Forces air into lungs with positive pressure

63
Q

Types of parasomnias

A
  1. Somnambulism: Sleep walking
  2. REM behavior disorder (RBD): Acting out dreams
  3. Sleep terrors: Kids screaming
  4. Nightmares
  5. Bruxism: Grinding teeth
  6. Enuresis: Wetting bed
  7. Sleep-related eating disorder
64
Q

Nonpharmacologic therapy/Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Teaches good habits and muscle relaxation measures to promote better sleep

65
Q

Pharmacologic therapy for sleep

A
  1. Sedatives

2. Hypnotics

66
Q

Shift-work disorder

A

People with abnormal work hours; circadian rhythm disorder

67
Q

Sleep screening tools

A
  1. Epworth Sleepiness scale
  2. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)
  3. Sleep disturbance questionnaire
68
Q

Local adaptation syndrome (LAS)

A

Involved only one specific body part; small physical stressor to body (prick finger, burn hand)

69
Q

Types of LAS responses

A
  1. Reflex pain response

2. Inflammatory response

70
Q

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

Bigger stimulus causes threat

71
Q

Stages of GAS

A
  1. Alarm reaction (fight or flight)
  2. Stage of resistance (coping and defense)
  3. Stage of exhaustion (rest or death)
72
Q

Categories of stress

A
  1. Developmental stress: Occurs during growth and development
  2. Situational stress: Unpredictable patterns

Intro to Nursing (5 decks)

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