Test 3 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
What are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- belongingness and love needs
- esteem needs
- self actualization needs
2
Q
What are the needs for physiological?
A
Hunger and thirst
3
Q
What are the needs for safety?
A
Need to feel safe, secure, and stable.
4
Q
What are the needs for belongingness and love?
A
Need to love and be loved, to be accepted.
5
Q
What are the needs for esteem?
A
Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, respect from others
6
Q
What are the needs for self actualization?
A
Need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential.
7
Q
What is homeostasis?
A
Balanced internal state
8
Q
What are the 3 factors of homeostasis?
A
- Temperature
- Blood glucose
- Water level
9
Q
What does temperature do in homeostasis?
A
Cold = blood vessel constriction
10
Q
What does blood glucose do in the process of homeostasis?
A
Triggers hunger
11
Q
What does water level do in the process of homeostasis?
A
Triggers thirst
12
Q
Met through drive reduction (arousal state that drives the organism to reduce the need)
A
Physiological needs
13
Q
What affects our motivations?
A
- Internal state
- Incentives- external
- Our own learning history
- Health
- Culture
14
Q
What are the mechanisms of hunger?
A
- Blood glucose levels
- Hypothalamus monitors through feedback from the stomach, intestines, liver, blood, etc
- Based on glucose levels, hyp signals hunger or satiety
15
Q
Function of the lateral hypothalamus
A
Signals hunger
16
Q
Destruction of the lateral hypothalamus is a result from…?
A
Lack of eating even if starving
17
Q
Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus can result to…?
A
Eating
18
Q
Function of the ventromedial hypothalamus:
A
Signals safety
19
Q
Stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus:
A
stop eating
20
Q
Destruction of the ventromeidal hypothalamus:
A
Overeating even if full
21
Q
Physiology of obesity:
A
- Fat cells
- Set point/metabolism
- Genetic
- Environmental
22
Q
Fat cells:
A
Size and number
23
Q
Set point/metabolism:
A
Basal metabolic rate (rate of energy expenditure at rest)
-diet actually decreases BMR
24
Q
Environmental:
A
Family, mcdonalds, etc
25
What is intrinsic motivation?
Personal gain, enjoyment, competence, self-actualization, self-esteem
26
What is extrinsic motivation?
Grades, approval of others, rewards, money, deadlines
27
What is the main function of sexual motivation?
Hormones
28
What is the importance of hormones?
1. Direct development of male and female sex characteristics.
2. Activate sexual behavior
a. Estrogen peaks at ovulation and female becomes receptive.
b. Male hormone levels more constant but loss of testosterone= loss of sexual behavior
c. Women's sexual desire is only slightly higher at ovulation and women have sex throughout menstrual cycle
d. Sexual desire in women actually more closely related to testosterone levels
29
Human sexual motivation is influenced by:
1. Physiology
2. External Cues (environment)
3. Imagination
30
The study of the evolution of the mind and behavior. How decisions and behaviors our ancestors made effect our own behavior.
-Based on principles of natural selection
Evolutionary Psychology
31
Why do men and women have different mating strategies?
Because the genders invest different amounts in the reproductive process.
32
Women strategy factors for the quality:
1. Economic capacity: present or future
2. Social Status
3. Age: older than the female
33
Men factors for quatity:
1. Youth
2. Physical beauty
a. Body shape (waist to hip ratio, .70 most attractive)
b. symmetry
3. Healthy
34
On average, how many eggs to women have?
400
35
On average, how much sperm do men produce per hour?
12 million per hour
36
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Personality
37
Our thoughts and actions are derived from unconscious motives.
Psychoanalysis perspective
38
Who created the theory of psychoanalysis?
Freud
39
Personality arises from conflicts bet aggressive/pleasure seeking impulses and internalized social restraints against them.
Psychoanalytic
40
What is the pleasure principle; immediate gratification?
Id
41
What is the how on ought to behave?
superego
42
What is the reality principle; personality chief?
ego
43
What stage is from age 6 to puberty?
Latency
44
What stage is puberty?
Genital stage
45
What is the result from maladaptive behavior?
Unresolved conflicts; fixation
46
What's the point of defense mechanisms?
Reduces or redirects stress
47
What is the purpose of the projective tests?
Involve ambiguous stimuli
48
What does the TAT test stand for?
Thematic Apperception Test
49
What does the DAPT test stand for?
Draw a person test
50
Personality is based on fundamental traits, people's characteristic behaviors and conscious motives-description not explanation.
Trait perspective
51
What is the BFI?
Big Factor Inventory Test
52
If you score a 54, leaving you in the factor 1 for the BFI, what does that mean?
Emotional stability
53
If you are in factor 2 for the BFI, what does that mean?
Extraversion
54
If you are in factor 3 for the BFI, what does that mean?
Openness
55
If you are in factor four, what does that mean?
Agreeableness
56
If you are in factor five, what does that mean?
Conscientiousness
57
Emotional stability =
secure vs. insecure
58
Extraversion =
sociable vs retiring
59
Openness =
independent vs conforming
60
Agreeableness =
trusting vs. suspicious
61
conscientiousness =
organized vs. disorganized
62
Assesses abnormal personality traits (depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviancy, paranoid, schizophrenia, etc)
MMPI
63
What does MMPI stand for?
Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
64
Focuses the strivings of healthy people for self-determination and self-realization.
Humanistic Perspective
65
Who believed that people are basically good and want to self-actualize?
Maslow and Carl Rogers
66
Who believed in person centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
67
What does it mean to be humanistic?
Need to provide an environment that promotes growth (genuineness, acceptance, and empathy)
68
What is acceptance?
An unconditioned positive regard.
69
Whats self-concept?
Who am I? Help others to know, accept, and be true to themselves.
70
Ideal vs. Actual self
Ideal self: how we want to be.
| Actual self: who we really are. how we look, feel, and act.
71
How we and the environment interact helps shape our personalities.
Reciprocal determination
72
Who believed that behavior is influenced by the interaction bet persons (and their thinking) and their social context.
Bandura
73
A condition in which a person or animal has come to believe he or she is helpless in a situation, even when this is untrue.
Learned helplessness
74
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.
Personal Control
75
a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
TAT test
76
according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.
fixation
77
psychosexual stage which lasts from ages 3 to 6; Oedipus/Electra Complex develops at this time.
phallic stage
78
psychosexual stage that takes place during the first 18 months when the id's energies are focused on the mouth. (0-18 months)
oral stage
79
accoding to Freud, a child's sexual desire toward the parent of the opposite sex and jealousy and hatred for the parent of the same sex.
Oedipus/Electra Complex
80
views beahvior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.
social cognitive behavior
81
psychosexual stage which lasts from about 18 months to 36 months.
anal stage
82
Males become sexually rerouted upon presentation of a novel female.
Coolidge effect
83
What are the physiological cues that our ancestors had sex?
1. ) Humans males have a relatively large testicle size to body weight ratio-this normally correlates with promiscuity of the species.
2. ) The longer couples are separated the more sperm per ejaculate that are produced by the man.
84
What are the psychological cues that our ancestors had sex?
1. ) Men desire more sex partners in any given time interval and over the span of their lives.
2. ) Coolidge effect
85
A pattern of behavioral and physiological responses to events that match or exceed an organism's ability to respond in a healthy way.
Stress
86
What kind of stress is bad for you?
early in life and chronic
87
What factors constitute a healthy well-being?
1. Genetics
2. Behavioral
3. Cognitive
4. Physiological
5. Sociocultural
88
Investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality rates among British civil servants.
Whitehall study
89
What was the best predictor of heart attack in British civil servants?
Job status
90
Increase in cortisol =
decrease in immune functioning
91
stress increases atherosclerosis which is the main cause for heart disease.
cardiovascular
92
What are the gender differences for men and women?
1. Hostility men is significant predictor of heart disease
| 2. Women "tend & befriend"- combo of estrogen and oxytocin
93
What effects stress?
1. Increase in cortisol
2. Cardiovascular
3. Gender differences
4. Memory & concentration
94
HPA Axis Activation
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Hypothalamus
|
Pituitary
|
Adrenals -----Catecholamines
|
Cortisol
( from storage & suppresses immune function)
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