Test 3 Flashcards
Why does Hera punish Echo?
Because Echo distracted Hera to prevent the goddess from discovering Zeus’ infidelities with Echo’s nymph friends
Ovid says that Echo does not approach Narcissus directly because “her nature denies it.” Which of the following is the best interpretation for what this means?
- Echo is afraid of Hera
- Echo is a tree nymph, and is forbidden from speaking to a water nymph
- Echo is shy, and she can only repeat what others say
- Echo is a nymph and is not allowed to romantically pursue a human
C
T/F: Narcissus does not recognize that he is in love with his own reflection.
False
Which of the following is the best interpretation for why Icarus flies too high?
- He thinks that he knows better than his father, and that flying higher won’t be dangerous
- He is trying to fly to the palace of the Sun/Helios
- He is being careless and is caught up in his surroundings
- He is trying to fly higher than his father
C
T/F: The sad fate of Orpheus and Eurydice is foreshadowed by several omens before the wedding.
True
How does Eurydice die?
- She eats a poison pear
- She dies of old age
- She is bitten by a snake
- She is killed by a maenad
She is bitten by a snake
What does Orpheus offer Persephone and Hades in exchange for Eurydice returned to life?
- He offers to build a temple and sacrifice 50 bulls annually in their honor
- Nothing
- He will exchange his life for Eurydice’s
- He will immortalize the underworld in a famous song
Nothing
Aphrodite/Cytherea, helps Hippomenes by giving him:
- A magic potion to make him run very fast
- Golden apples
- The kingdom of Lycia
- Three wishes
B
There is textual evidence in Ovid’s tale of Atalanta and Hippomenes that:
-Atalanta won the race, not Hippomenes
-Aphrodite cast a spell over Atalanta to make her fall in love with Hippomenes.
-Atalanta fell in love with Hippomenes before the race, and may have deliberately allowed herself to lose.
Atalanta knew that Hippomenes was destined to be her husband.
C
What is Atalanta famous for
Her speed and her beauty
Narcissus and Echo
Daedalus and Icarus
Orpheus and Eurydice
Story of Atalanta are all written by who
Ovid
Narcissus and Echo run down
- the nymph Liriope is raped by the river-god Cephisus and got her pregnant
- Liriope gave birth to the child called Narcissus
- Liriope asked Tireseus if her son will live to be old and he said yes as long as he doesn’t know himself
- Narcissus grew up to be a very attractive man who was desired by many
- Echo saw him in the woods and she was punished by Juno to never be able to speak first and speak the last few words of the many spoken by others
- —-Juno did this to her
- Narcissus rejected Echo and she went a hid until her skin got all shriveled and the only thing that was left of her was her bones
- Narcissus fell in love with his own reflection and he just sits there all depressed until he eventually dies and goes to the underworld and even there he is still staring at himself at the river of the Styx
- A flower grew in his place
Deadalus and Icarus
- Deadalus was the architect that built the labyrinth that the Minotaur (Minos’ son) was kept in
- Minos kept Deadalus and his son (icarus) captive but he figures out that he can escape by the air
- Deadalus collects feathers and builds wings for himself and his son
- He tells his son not to fly too high or else the sun will melt the wax that holds his wings together and he will die and then he says don’t fly too low or else the moisture from the ocean will ruin your wings
- Icarus gets cocky and starts doing all these tricks and ends up flying too close to the sun so his wings melt and he plumets into the sea
- His dad rescues his corpse and then buries him on some island.
The story of Orpheus and Eurydice
- Orpheus and Eurydice just got married
- Eurydice was walking in the grass when she got bit by a snake in her ankle and went to the underworld
- Orpheus plays his lyre for Hades and they cry and feel bad for him
- Zeus told Orpheus that he could lead her away and that he had to walk in front of her and never look back until he had left or else they would never be together
- Orpheus was afraid that Eurydice was falling behind and so he turned around and boom she gone
- Orpheus tried to go back but the ferryman wouldn’t even let him cross the Styx
- Orpheus was depressed and so he started raping little boys because he didn’t want to be with any other women
- Orpheus gets killed by the Maenads who were mad at him because he wouldn’t sleep with them and then Orpheus’s spirit was rejoined with Eurydice
The story of Atalanta and Hippomones
- Atalanta was an incredibly fast runner who could beat any man who challenged her
- One day she went and asked an oracle who she should marry
- The oracle said she shouldn’t get married and that should would ignore this very advice
- She decided to host a running contest and whoever could beat her could marry her and whoever didn’t win would die
- Hippomones thought that he could beat her
- Hippomones prayed to Venus (aphrodite) to help him win she gave him golden apples
- Hippomones and Atalanta are neck and neck for most of the race bc Atalanta feels bad that he will have to die and so she runs slower and then she runs ahead
- Hippomones uses the golden apples to distract Atalanta and ends up beating her and getting her as his wife
- Hippomones forgot to thank Aphrodite for helping him and so she got mad and plotted revenge on him.
- They passed by the temple of Cybele who made Hippomones all the sudden feel like he needed to have sex with Atalanta so they did and then Cybele turned them into lions and then attached them to her chariot
Story of Leda and the Swan
Leda (princess of sparta), is Helens mom. Zeus fell in love with Leda and impregnated her (in the form of a swan). She also got pregnant at the same time by her mortal husband. Leda lays eggs and Helen is born of a golden egg. Leda also gives birth to castor and polls (one is the son of the mortal husband and the other is the son of Zeus).
Who is Helens mom? dad?
Leda, Zeus
Who is referred to as the prettiest woman alive?
Helen
Who are the parents of Achilles?
Thetis and Peleus
What is the prophecy attached to Thetis
That one day her son will overpower his father.
Zeus and Thetis
Zeus was in love with Thetis but once he found out about the prophecy Zeus tell Peleus to get her and marry her because he is a mortal and no one will care if his son ends up overpowering him.
How does Peleus end up getting Thetis to marry him
Basically Peleus tries to capture Thetis but she keeps shapeshifting into various animals so he can’t manage to capture her. Finally someone tells him hat ht should wait until she’s asleep and then tie her up so she can’t shape shift. Once Thetis realizes that she is tied up she gives in and says fine it must be meant to be that we get married
How is Achilles great?
In the context of war
What did Thetis do to her baby (Achilles) to make it indestructible?
Dip him in the River Styx (a river in hell) but she held him by his heel so that part of him did not get dipped known as his “Achilles heel,” which is how he ended up dying
Who is Chiron
A centaur who trained Achilles to be the greatest warrior in all of Greece.
Chiron is very noble and philosophical
*He also was the one who trained Jason
Wedding of Thetis and Peleus
- All the gods were invited except for discord
- Discord got really mad about not being invited
- Discord got really salty so she threw and apple onto the table that said “To the most beautiful..”
Who are the goddesses who start fighting over the golden apple that Discord threw on the table
Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite
Who do the goddesses pick to decide who is the winner of the golden apple
Paris
Judgement of Paris
- Paris is the price of troy
- After the goddesses decide that they want a mortal (paris) to decide who is going to win Hermes leads all of them to him
- There they all offer different gifts (even though they weren’t supposed to and Paris ends up picking a winner)
What did Athena offer to Paris
To be the wisest and best general in Greece
What did Hera offer to Paris
To make him the king of Greece…to be the king of everything
What did Aphrodite offer to Paris
The most beautiful woman
Who does Paris end up picking and what is the problem with his choice
Paris ends up picking Aphroite but the problem is that the most beautiful woman is Helen and she’s already married (to Menelaus)
How does Helen’s husband get picked
How does this start the trojan war
A bunch of kings show up wanting to marry Helen. Everyone put their name in a hat who wants to marry Helen. (Helens parents wanted her to get married so she would be safe because Theseus kidnapped her one time). The kings that show up decide that the group of them that don’t get picked will help the husband if something ever happens to Helen.
*Since Aphrodite told Paris(he came from troy) that he could have the most beautiful woman as his wife he shows up and ends up getting Helen to fall in love with him. Helen and Paris then run away to be together. Menelaus finds out what happened and ask the kings who didn’t get picked (greeks) to help him fight the trojans
Agamemnon
- The older brother of Menelaus
- Ends up being the leader of the Greek army
Why does Agamemnon want to help Menelaus
Agamemnon wants to help Menelaus destroy troy so that he can be in charge of some trade routes and then become rich
How does Odysseus try to get out of going to Troy?
Odysseus decides that if he acts crazy they won’t make him go to fight in a war.
Odysseus starts doing all sorts of crazy stuff like trying to plow a beach so that he can plant lettuce etc etc
A messenger who went to get him was warned that he might try and pull a fast one/do something sneaky
Messenger pulls a gamble and takes Odysseus’ newborn baby (Telemachus) and lays him in front of the plow. He does this because if Odysseus is truly crazy he will run over his baby.
Odysseus fails the crazy test and ends up having to go to war
What is Odysseus normally described
Clever, cunning
What is the Illiad about
Story of about 2 weeks of the 10 year war at Troy
-Pretty much deals with the rage of Achilles rather than the actual war (honor/who is entitled to more honor?)
What type of literature is the Illiad
- Epic poem written by Homer
- First word = “rage”
Rage of Achilles
- Greeks steal the daughter of Apollo’s priest (Crisayus)
- Daughter was then given to Agamemnon as a war prize
- Apollo spreads disease all over greece
- Everyone tries to get Agamemnon to try and give up Crisayus but he thinks that if he does he will have less winnings than everyone else
- Achilles tells Agamemnon to chill out and just give her up because people are dying
- Agamemnon says fine ill give her up but in return for your wife (achilles’)
- Achilles gets very mad
- Hera and Athena have to keep Achilles from killing Agamemnon
- Achilles gets really fed up and says he isn’t fighting in the war anymore and storms off
Who has to intervene to keep Achilles from killing Agamemnon
Hera and Athena
Achilles and Patroclus
Achilles lover, Patroclus says we need to fight in this war, so he dresses up like Achilles (the leader of Trojan army) and ends up coming into contact with Hector, who kills him
Who kills Achilles’ lover Patroclus?
Hector (Menelaus’ older bro)
How does Achilles respond to the death of his lover
- Achilles kills hector
- Achilles takes body of Hector and ties it to his chariot and drives around for everyone to see
- Priam (king of Troy and dad of Hector) comes to Achilles to ask for his son’s body.
- Achilles and Priam bond and establish and temporary truce so Greece can treat their dead people and so Trojans can do the same
**imp. to properly bury the body so the spirit can go to the underworld successfully
How does Achilles die
- Achilles dies by getting shot by Paris
- Pairs ends up getting killed
- Odysseus ends up in charge
Trojan Horse
- Odysseus’ idea
- Horse is a sacred animal of Poseidon
- —Greeks want the Trojans to think that they left that as a offering to Poseidon for a safe trip home
- Greeks hiding in the hallowed out horse, come out in the middle of the night and kill everyone and then burn down the city
- Greeks are the winners of the Trojan war
Who won the trojan war
Greeks
Which two people do end up living happily ever after in the iliad?
Helen and Menelaus
What did heinrich Schliemann do?
-Tries to find Troy to determine if it is historical or mythological
Rage—Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles, murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaeans countless losses… Begin, Muse, when the two first broke and clashed, Agamemnon lord of men and brilliant Achilles” (1-8)
Beginning of the Illiad
What is the name for the first 4 books of the odyssey
The Telemachy
- Odysseus’ son goes to find information
- Telemachus grows up
What type of literature is the Odyssey
An epic poem
