test 3 Flashcards
Louisiana purchase
1802 France gets louisiana, Jefferson gets worried that france is on our border. Right of deposit- can sell to new orleans, didn’t have roads so they would travel the goods by flowing down the river and then take it to the ocean to go to where it needed to go. Jefferson fears that the west will just break away. Jefferson wants to buy new orleans and try to get as much land that $2 mil gets him and get use of the mississippi river and new orleans oceanport. Napoleon surprises jefferson and offers to sell all of louisiana for $15 Mil. Jefferson wants to buy this because it is a great real estate deal. It would make america the 2nd largest country in the world at that time. Also it keeps the french out of the west. Also make sure that louisiana does not become british territory. England and france fight all the time and france could lose the war and take their territory. It also enlarges the agriculture . It Makes sure that they control the mississippi and jefferson wants to push all the nties out of the west. This is a good deal for napoleon also. He needs the money to fight his wars. He lost interest in louisiana as well because it was such a large territory he couldn’t protect it all. This also causes issues with Jefferson because buying land isn’t in the constitution and jefferson believe in a strict read of it. He amends the constitution and waiting napoleon wants his money asap so jefferson allows a loose read of the constitution for the nation’s safety and to get lousiana.
Aaron burr
Original fame from being in the military after the election of 1800 burr and jefferson dont get along at all. Burr becomes jefferson’s running mate. The election comes tied and Jefferson tells Burr to tell congress to vote for him because he thinks he should be president. Hamilton doesn’t agree and wants jefferson to be president because he hates Burr so much. Hamilton convinces everyone to vote jefferson so he becomes president. Burr becomes VP and in the next election burr is dumped from VP. Burr becomes bitter and extreme federalists, Essex Juto, small group of extreme new england federalists. They approach Burr and want him to govern New York and they would together want new england to succeed. He agrees but then Hamilton runs against him. Burr loses the election and blames hamilton and asks him to a duel. Hamilton shoots first and misses on purpose Burr then kills Hamilton. Burr is then indicted for killing Hamilton. He flees west and teams up with general James Wilkinson. He governed louisiana and is a secret agent for spain. Wants to raise own private army and create a war between spain and US. War adds confusion and burr and wilkinson attack new orleans and control the Mississippi. In the end Wilkinson betrays burr and Burr gets arrested for treason. THe Main witness is Wilkinson and Burrs biggest defender is Andrew JAckson.
Impressment
1793 England seized american ships that were trading with france. England seized around 300 ships and lots of sailors and pressed them into their military forces for the british navy. England military would wait outside bars and pull out drunks and force them into the navy. When the men got the chance if there were american ships they would leave and join them because the conditions on american ships were much better. THe british then use that as an excuse to take american soldiers saying that they belonged to britain. This impressments would continue to increase. France and Britain get back into war in 1803 and now both england and britain are impressing american sailors. ENgland is doing it much more than france. England has the biggest navy in the world and they have the biggest need for sailors. 17993-1811 10,000 americans are forced to serve the british navy.
Orders in council
Establish naval blockade around europe trying to prevent neutral trade with france.
Berlin and milan decrees
napoleon responds with a berlin decree that creates a blockade around england.
England responds that says neutral countries can trade with france if they go to britain and buy a pass so they can regulate trade between countries, can sell guns or anything to help.
Milon decree- napoleon says any ship carrying british goods, or submit to any to british regulations the french will seize you.
Embargo act 1807
Jefferson responds peacefully and passes the embargo act. Its to stop all american foreign trade. Jefferson believed that Europe really needs american stuff. He hopes that this helps british merchant and france merchants pressures the government to repeal all orders. This doesn’t work out that way. But it does cut down on us presents. It allows us to do something to preserve our honor. It does keep the US from going to war for a while. It also created problems - It is mostly ineffective because it hurts the US economy way more than britain and france. It also causes a lot of unemployment and helped touch off a recession. It angers and rejuvenates the federalist party. It is openly ignored. It also weakens respect for jefferson and it jeopardizes Laissez- Faire government. IT really divides the nation. 1809 it is repealed.
Macon’s bill #2
Bill was passed to avoid war. In 1810 ultimately draws us closer to war with england. They open trade with everyone in the world, including england and france. They keep trading until one of those countries agrees to stop taking our stuff. ANd once one decides to we will stop trading with the other. Napoleon falls for it and he lies and says they are repealing decrees but never does. So we stop trading with England and are trading with france and england gets mad
Tecumseh
Shawnee warrior, he wants to build a military alliance between all different native american tribes. Together they would work to wipe out White people. He tells them not to sell their land and to stay united. It is hard to do this because all tribes feel indifferent about each other because of old conflicts. In 1805 he reinforces religious conviction with his brother “THe Prophet”
Tenskwatawa “the prophet”
He has a vision in which he dies and goes to heaven, he meets god and god gives him supernatural powers. God tells him to go back to earth and spread new religion that oppose all ways of the white man. Go back the way people were living before- especially the alcohol. The propet changes his name to Tenskwatawa (opens door) generally known as the Prophet. HE gains followers, as always some people doubt. Native americans were not to use any white man’s things, they felt dependant on the tools. THey can’t make guns, bullets, etc. (THey would trade furs to get these things). William Harrison is governor and wants to minimize the influence of the prophet. The prophet hears of a solar eclipse and tells everyone who doubts that he does have powers and tells them he can black out the sun so when the eclipse happens everyone starts to really believe him. AFter this he decides he wants to join forces with his brother to make a new military. He travels to different tribes and tells them to stop going to the white men and gather to fight. THe natives don’t get their act together because-
Lack of pan- indian consciousness. Natives don’t think of themselves as indians and they saw themselves as their tribe.
Its very difficult to get natives to work with other tribes because they have traditional conflict even if there is a bigger threat.
Natives are reluctant to surrender to authority. They have their own ways of things within their tribe.
Loyalty is only to their family clan, but not any real loyalty to their tribe. They never had that thought it was actually put on by white people.
Lots of them are dependant on the white people things and if they succumb to Tecumseh then they won’t get the things the white people give them.
Harrison, the governor of indiana, where the prophet lives. Harrison wants to engage the Prophet to battle. Harrison and his soldiers camp outside the Prophet’s town to fight. 1000 soldiers and Harrison suffers more casualties than the Prophet, but Harrison wins and says that it was a huge victory for the americans because it shows that the Prophet is touchable. The natives don’t see it as a big of a deal. Results
Proves that the prophet is not invincible
Tecumseh is furious with his brother because he wasn’t supposed to fight the whites especially when he wasn’t there because he was recruiting soldiers.
Now more inclined to join with the british against the US and they do and Tecumseh becomes a british General. Americans die more eager to attack canada even more than ever to get the british out.
Hartford convention
Dec 1812 Federalists meet in the Hartford Convention to talk about concerns
Wanted to end 3/5ths compromise for congressional representation. Take power from the south.
Limit president to one term of office, too many virginian republican winnings.
Require ⅔ majority in congress for declarations of war, for trade regulations and emitting new states.
Also to allow states to have the right to nullify federal laws.
Results- felt like federalists are disloyal, ends up hurting federalist party.
Treaty of Gennit signed in 1840 to stop fighting. Does Not address any issues that started the war no compensation.
War was important bc-
Makes heroes of Andrew Jackson and William Harrison and they both became presidents,
Create upsurge of AMerican Nationalism.
Speeds up the decline of the federalist party,
Forces americans to be more self sufficient. Can’t import from england bc of war. And more and more people notice our dependency we have on england and Jefferson sees we have to start more industries.
Manifest destiny
Obvious fate to move across the continent to our new land from louisiana purchase. Government had a land policy that was democratic and generous. 1790s selling land $2 and acre but had to buy at least 1 mile of land, 640 acres. Government will reduce the cost an acre and the track size, minimum # of acres. 1820s cost per acre $1.25 and minimum was 40 acres.
Encourage sellers and speculators. You can buy as much as you want. Speculators important for settling west bc-
They bought the best stuff
THey make land available for the amount they would want
Pushed for improvements- Canals, roads, railroads.
Advertise the land. Create a demand to settle west
Pushed for easy credit terms, government land policies and speculators encourage ppl to move west.
Market economy
tWO WAY COMMERCE- Creation of a national market economy was to help make the entire country bind and hold together. Most important factor is the improvements made in transportation. What makes a market economy possible is the movements of transportation. War of 1812 made dividing points
Rivers are only one way commerce
Steamboats
Improved roads
Canals
railroads
Reduced cost and time moving people and products around. Big thing is that it provides a two way commerce. It opens new markets with surplus good. Can now practice economic specialization, concentrate on what you can do best, have to be self sufficient, more productive and more profitable. North ? , East- industry. South- cotton
Before 1812 size factory was limited only by the immediate market.
The easy was dependent on the west for the good and they become dependent on each other. East needs to buy the stuff from the west and the west needs to sell their things. Becoming interdependent. Textile industry for example of a market economy- 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin, combs out seeds from cotton. Grow and use short staple cotton. Short staple cotton can be grown throughout the south. It encourages people in the south to start growing cotton. East to build textile mills to become industrial and sell all over . It increases interdependence between south and east. Cotton crop gets wiped out and everyone is affected because interdependence. Now everyone starts to care about the economy. THe national government expands their powers and we demand more from them.
Nationalism
greater sense of nationalism. We care what happens in the other part of the country, we care about government because it is effecting us. Country is much more productive. Cohesive economic movement. Different sections of the country are creating sectionalism and nationalism. North and south have bad sectionalism slavery, south has become dependent on slavery, if makes the south different. Determined to preserve slavery. East becomes more industrial. Large movement of young people from new england farms to work in factories like lowell.
Lowell factories
Young women more from New England farms to new england cities to work in big factories. Single women would be hired as temporary workers, the idea is that they will work for a few years and save up for a dowry, get married, go back and live in the farmland and then to be replaced by other women doing the same thing. Have a paternal approach, they would take care of the girls working there, lots of rules. Have to go to church every sunday, had a curfew, lived in boarding houses, their private life if they did something bad they would be punished at work. Eases the fear of industrialization. Lowell would be nice and have flowers and be painted nicely, showplace. Early years of lowell people wanted to work there- homogenous group. HAd- Good wages Gave them a better chance to socialize More independence The people who would work there Single White 14-30 Middle class Similar reasons to be there Because of similarities there is a solidarity among the women, could act collectively. They could protest stuff they don't like, ex. increase work, they would go on strike and it would usually be successful. Lowell is in need of workers so it gives the women leverage. In 1840 things change. The us has everything they need for the industrial revolution. Improved technology, transportation, growing markets, abundant supply of labor, 3 million immigrants come to the us 1845-1855
Potato famine
3 million irish immigrated to America because the potato famine. The potato causes a population explosion and in 1840 ireland becomes over populated. October 1845 all the crops go bad because of a bacteria and following spring they try to grow them again and the crops go black and die. A fungus killed all the potatoes summer 1846- fall 1846 people are starving to death, there’s people dead all over and no one can bury them because they are also sick and dying also because the british owned all the shelters and when they couldn’t pay they kicked them out. 1 million people die and 2 Million people move to AMerica. It was cheap to go to the US because most of them were destitute and only had the clothes on their backs. They would get to the US and start working in the factories because they needed money so desperately. It causes a huge effect on factory cities. Factories also change because they have men working on women’s wages and it lowers the status of working in factories and being irish and also women. Irish Men’s status lowers because they work for women wages and then women get pushed down even further.
Corporate patterns start to break down.
Heterogeneous in the factories now
Factory workers are younger, men and women, different backgrounds, different dress, religion, and language.
Conditions in the factories deteriorate quickly
Irish have really low standards
Competition for any job because everyone is so desperate.
Anyone who tries to protest now gets fired.
