Test 3

Question 1

Ecological Community

Answer 1

The species that interact within a specific area

Question 2

Intraspecific competition

Answer 2

members of the same species pursue limited resources

Question 3

Interspecific competition

Answer 3

the interactions among different species as they compete for shared resources

Question 4

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 4

two species that directly compete for essential resources cannot coexist. Assumes that environmental conditions stay constant. (Gause)

Question 5

Fundamental Niche

Answer 5

complete range of environmental conditions in which an organism can exist(Temperature, pH, material resources)

Question 6

Realized Niche

Answer 6

species exists due to competition

Question 7

Ecological Niche

Answer 7

The role an organism fills within its habitat. Division of resources. Potential competitors my coexist

Question 8

Exploitation competition

Answer 8

One diner might outcompete the other by eating faster. (Consume resource faster) Growth rate of population of limiting resource is higher

Question 9

Interference Competition

Answer 9

One diner might more food by threatening the other. (Stop competitor from consuming resource)

Question 10

Carbohydrates are produced by ___

Answer 10

photosynthetic plants

Question 11

Herbivores

Answer 11

Eat plants. Specialized digestive system

Question 12

Coevolution

Answer 12

Tit-for-tat evolution of prey and the species that eat them

Question 13

Predators

Answer 13

Hunt, kill, consume prey. Often population is limited by the availability of prey

Question 14

Filter-feeding predators

Answer 14

use webs or netlike structures to capture their prey (whales, spiders)

Question 15

Parasites

Answer 15

Depend on living host for nourishment

Question 16

Vectors

Answer 16

organisms that carry the parasite but are unaffected by it

Question 17

Spread of parasitic disease is governed by _____

Answer 17

Abundance of hosts / accessibility of hosts / transmission rate of parasites / length of life of an infected host

Question 18

Abundance of hosts

Answer 18

as the number of individual hosts increases, the likelihood that a parasite will be transmitted also increases

Question 19

Accessibility of hosts

Answer 19

the ability of parasites to locate and infect hosts is influenced by the diversity of the ecological community they live in

Question 20

Length of life of an infected host

Answer 20

the longer an individual host lives with a parasite, the longer it can transmit it

Question 21

Symbioses

Answer 21

intimate relationship between 2 species

Question 22

Mutualism

Answer 22

symbiotic relationship where both species benefit (figs and wasps)

Question 23

Commensalism

Answer 23

associations that only benefit one species, leaving the other species unaffected

Question 24

Energy flow

Answer 24

transfer and transformation of high-energy organic molecules

Question 25

Organisms are classified by their____-

Answer 25

Tropic level (feeding level)

Question 26

Primary Producers

Answer 26

lowest in the food web, transform energy from sunlight into carbohydrates

Question 27

Decomposers

Answer 27

below primary producers. feed on nonliving matter. Much of the energy is consumed here

Question 28

Primary consumers

Answer 28

second trophic level, herbivores that feed on primary producers

Question 29

Secondary Consumers

Answer 29

third trophic level

Question 30

Territory consumers

Answer 30

4th trophic level

Question 31

Biomass energy

Answer 31

food that can be consumed by higher trophic level

Question 32

only ____ % of energy available to next trophic level

Answer 32

> 10%

Question 33

Keystone species

Answer 33

important to the stability of many food webs. Many plants, some predators

Question 34

Trophic cascade

Answer 34

Loss of carnivores results in explosion of herbivores that destroy primary producers

Question 35

Gross primary production

Answer 35

total CO2 converted each year

Question 36

Net primary production

Answer 36

organic carbon available to consumers

Question 37

Net ecosystem production

Answer 37

net flu of carbon into an ecosystem

Question 38

most carbon is stored in ______

Answer 38

biomass terrestrial (soil)

Question 39

Aquatic and marine carbon

Answer 39

CO2 dissolves in oceans, lakes and rivers

Question 40

Humans harvest ____ % of total NPP

Answer 40

32-40%

Question 41

Ecological disturbances

Answer 41

loss of many or all species in community (Fires, hurricanes, volcanoes)

Question 42

Ecological legacies

Answer 42

resources remaining after disturbance

Question 43

Succession

Answer 43

pattern of change after disturbance

Question 44

Primary Succession

Answer 44

when a disturbance has virtually removed all resources. Process can take millennia

Question 45

Pattern of primary succession

Answer 45

pioneer species / facilitation / climax

Question 46

Pioneer species

Answer 46

the earliest colonists after disturbance (lichen, mosses)

Question 47

Facilitation

Answer 47

as plant species grow they may alter the environment around them to make it more habitat for other species

Question 48

Climax

Answer 48

generation has become established

Question 49

Secondary Secession

Answer 49

follows disturbances that peace significant legacy. Process 70-100 years

Question 50

Cyclic Succession

Answer 50

succession may increase chances of disturbances