Test 3 Flashcards by Travis Hofelich

What are the 8 classifications of life?

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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What are the three domains of life?

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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What are the six kingdoms of life?

Animal
Plant
Fungus
Protist
Archaea
Bacteria

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Which of the six kingdoms have Eukaryotic cells?

Animal
Plant
Fungus
Protist

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Which of the six kingdoms of life have Prokaryotic cells?

Archaea

Bacteria

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How long ago did prokaryotic cells come into existence?

3.5 Billion years ago

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How long ago did eukaryotic cells come into existence?

2.5 Billion years ago

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What type of cell has a nucleus?

Eukaryotic cells

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What type of cell is the largest(>10 micrometer)?

Eukaryotic cells

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What type of cell is the smallest(<10 micrometer)?

Prokaryotic cells

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Which type of cell doesn’t have a nucleus?

Prokaryotic cells

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Organisms that make their own food are called?

Autotrophic

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Organisms that cannot make their own food are called?

Heterotrophic

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If and organism can do Photosynthesis and makes food for itself, what is it called?

“CO2 + Light”

Photoautotrophic

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If an organism can do photosynthesis but cannot make its own food, its is called?

“Compounds + Light”

Photoheterotrophic

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If an organism cannot perform photosynthesis but can make its own food, it is called?

“CO2 + Chemicals”

Chemoautotrophic

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If an organism cannot do photosynthesis and it cannot make its own food, it is called?

“Compounds + Chemicals”

Chemoheterotrophic

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Do Aerobic organisms require oxygen?

Yes

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Do Anaerobic organisms require oxygen?

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Are Archaea multicellular or unicellular?

Unicellular

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Archaea that live in extremely hot environments are called?

Thermophiles

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Archaea that live in extremely salty environments are called?

Halophiles

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Archaea that live in places with extremely low oxygen are called?

Methanogens

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What are the three most common shapes of bacteria?

Coccus
Bacillus
Helical

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What are the five common groupings of bacteria?

``` Mono=1 Diplo=2 Tetrad=4 Strepto=Chains Staphylo=Clusters ```

If a bacteria is monococcus what shape and grouping does it have?

One solitary spherical bacteria

If a bacteria is streptobacillus what shape and grouping does it have?

A chain of rod shaped bacteria

If a bacteria is tetracoccus what shape and grouping does it have?

A group of 4 spherical bacteria

These O2 producing prokaryotes are responsible for earths atomosphere.

Cyanobacteria

What are some positive things that prokaryotes do?

``` O2 production Decomposition Bioremediation(oil eating) Cheese, Yogurt, and Vinegar Symbiosis(makes Vitamin K) Antibiotics Nitrogen fixation ```

What are the two different types of pathogens?

Exotoxins | Endotoxins

This type of pathogen secretes poison.

Exotoxins

This type of pathogen holds poison in its cell wall.

Endotoxin

What are some examples of exotoxins?

Botulism Tetanus Flesh eating bacteria

What is an example of an endotoxin?

Salmonella(food poisoning)

What type of cells do Protists have?

Mostly unicellular Eukaryotic cells

What kind of flagella do Eukaryotic cells have?

Whip-like

What are the three general groups of protists?

Protozoa Algae Slime molds

How do Protozoa get their food?

Ingest it, like an animal

How do Algae get their food?

Photosynthesis, like a plant

How do Slime Molds get their food?

Absorb it, like a fungus

What are four types of Protozoa?

- Ciliates - Flagellates - Amoebas(Amoebic dysentery "montezuma's revenge" - Apicomplexans(Malaria)

What are two types of unicellular algae?

Diatoms(Diatomaceous earth) | Green algae

What are three examples of multicellular algae?

Brown algae Red algae Green algae

What are two examples of slime molds?

``` Slime molds Water molds(Irish potato famine) ```

What are two examples of "plant-like" or "animal-like" protists?

Euglena | Dinoflagellates

What are three examples of dinoflagellates?

Red tides Pfiesteria piscicida "cell from hell" Bioluminescent dinoflagellates

Where did the plant kingdom descend from?

Green algae(protist)

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2+12H2O+solar energy = C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2

What are plants?

Photosynthetic multicellular eukaryotes with adaptations for living on land.

What is transportation?

Evaporation out of stomata pulls H2O up through the xylem.

What is translocation?

Movement of sugars from the leaves to other areas through the phloem.

Z-S-M-S-G-G-F stands for?

``` Zygote(2n) Sporophyte(2n) Meiosis Spores(n) Gametophyte(n) Gametes(n) Fertilization ```

Sporophyte is which form?

Diploid form(2n)

Gametophyte is which form?

Haploid form(n)

Do Mosses have a xylem or phloem?

What is a mosses main form?

Gametophyte(n)

These must be wet to live and have flagellated sperm.

Mosses

These plants have xylem and phloem but no seeds.

Ferns

These plants have xylem, phloem, and naked seeds.

Gymnosperms

Do gymnosperms have flowers?

If a conifer tree has big cones that make seeds, what gender is that tree?

Female

What are two types of gymnosperms?

Conifers | Ginkgo

These plants have xylem, phloem, seeds, and flowers.

Angiosperms

What does the anther do?

Makes pollen

What does the stigma do?

Attracts pollen

Where is the ovary?

At the base of the stigma

Fertilized ovaries turn into what?

Fruit

Ovules become what after the ovaries are fertilized?

Seeds

What are most plant species?

Angiosperms

What are Fungi?

Hetertrophic eukaryotes that digest food externally and absorb the resulting enzymes

What is a mycelium?

A "net-like" mass of hyphae

What are hyphae?

Thread like filaments that make up a mycellium.

What is the suffix that indicates an organism is a fungus?

Mycete (e.g. Zygomycetes)

What is the most primitive type of fungus? They have flagella.

Chytridiomycetes

What are the closest relatives to the chytridiomycetes?

Glomeromycetes

Fungus & plant root mutualism

Mycorrhizae

Fungi that release spores from their zygospores are called?

Zygomycetes

Fungi that release spores from their asci are called?

Ascomycetes

Fungi that release spores from their basidia are called?

Basidiomycetes

Morels, Truffles, penicillium, aflatoxins, orange peel fungus, and birds nest fungus are all examples of...

Ascomycetes

Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, and fairy rings are examples of...

Basidiomycetes

Fast growing asexual fungi are called...

Molds

Single-called fungi are called...

Yeast

What does fermented barley make?

Beer

What does fermented cactus make?

Tequila

What does fermented potatoes make?

Vodka

What does fermented rice make?

Sake

What does fermented honey make?

Mead

What does fermented corn make?

Bourbon or Whiskey

Fungus + green algae Fungus + Cyanobacteria Are both...

Lichens

What are two examples of parasitic fungi?

American Chestnut blight | Ring worm

What is Candida?

Yeast infection

What are Erogots?

Infected grains

What are Smuts?

Infected plants

What is Herpes simplex 1?

Cold sores

What is Herpes simplex 2?

Genital herpes

What is the Epstein-Barr virus?

Mononucleosis(mono)

What is the Varicella-zoster virus?

Chicken pox | Shingles

What is the Variola virus?

Small pox

Herpes simple 1 and 2, the Epstein-Barr virus, the vermicelli-zoster virus, and the variola virus are all examples of...

DNA viruses

What is the Influenza virus?

The flu

What is the Paramyxovirus?

Measles | Mumps

What is the Rhabdovirus?

Rabies

What is the Ebola virus?

Ebola

What are the Rhinoviruses?

The common cold

What are retroviruses?

RNA viruses that do reverse transcription(e.g. HIV,AIDS)

Influenza, paramyxovirus, rhabdovirus, the ebola virus, rhinoviruses, and retroviruses are all examples of...

RNA viruses

What are prions?

Infected proteins

What is a virus?

Tiny infectious pieces of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat called a capsid. Some wrap their capsid in a viral envelope.