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Bio113 Test 3 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 classifications of life?

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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2
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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3
Q

What are the six kingdoms of life?

A 
Animal
Plant
Fungus
Protist
Archaea
Bacteria
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4
Q

Which of the six kingdoms have Eukaryotic cells?

A

Animal
Plant
Fungus
Protist

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5
Q

Which of the six kingdoms of life have Prokaryotic cells?

A

Archaea

Bacteria

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6
Q

How long ago did prokaryotic cells come into existence?

A

3.5 Billion years ago

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7
Q

How long ago did eukaryotic cells come into existence?

A

2.5 Billion years ago

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8
Q

What type of cell has a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cells

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9
Q

What type of cell is the largest(>10 micrometer)?

A

Eukaryotic cells

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10
Q

What type of cell is the smallest(<10 micrometer)?

A

Prokaryotic cells

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11
Q

Which type of cell doesn’t have a nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic cells

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12
Q

Organisms that make their own food are called?

A

Autotrophic

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13
Q

Organisms that cannot make their own food are called?

A

Heterotrophic

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14
Q

If and organism can do Photosynthesis and makes food for itself, what is it called?

“CO2 + Light”

A

Photoautotrophic

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15
Q

If an organism can do photosynthesis but cannot make its own food, its is called?

“Compounds + Light”

A

Photoheterotrophic

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16
Q

If an organism cannot perform photosynthesis but can make its own food, it is called?

“CO2 + Chemicals”

A

Chemoautotrophic

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17
Q

If an organism cannot do photosynthesis and it cannot make its own food, it is called?

“Compounds + Chemicals”

A

Chemoheterotrophic

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18
Q

Do Aerobic organisms require oxygen?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Do Anaerobic organisms require oxygen?

A

No

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20
Q

Are Archaea multicellular or unicellular?

A

Unicellular

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21
Q

Archaea that live in extremely hot environments are called?

A

Thermophiles

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22
Q

Archaea that live in extremely salty environments are called?

A

Halophiles

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23
Q

Archaea that live in places with extremely low oxygen are called?

A

Methanogens

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24
Q

What are the three most common shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Helical

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25
Q

What are the five common groupings of bacteria?

A 
Mono=1
Diplo=2
Tetrad=4
Strepto=Chains
Staphylo=Clusters
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26
Q

If a bacteria is monococcus what shape and grouping does it have?

A

One solitary spherical bacteria

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27
Q

If a bacteria is streptobacillus what shape and grouping does it have?

A

A chain of rod shaped bacteria

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28
Q

If a bacteria is tetracoccus what shape and grouping does it have?

A

A group of 4 spherical bacteria

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29
Q

These O2 producing prokaryotes are responsible for earths atomosphere.

A

Cyanobacteria

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30
Q

What are some positive things that prokaryotes do?

A 
O2 production
Decomposition
Bioremediation(oil eating)
Cheese, Yogurt, and Vinegar
Symbiosis(makes Vitamin K)
Antibiotics
Nitrogen fixation
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31
Q

What are the two different types of pathogens?

A

Exotoxins

Endotoxins

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32
Q

This type of pathogen secretes poison.

A

Exotoxins

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33
Q

This type of pathogen holds poison in its cell wall.

A

Endotoxin

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34
Q

What are some examples of exotoxins?

A

Botulism
Tetanus
Flesh eating bacteria

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35
Q

What is an example of an endotoxin?

A

Salmonella(food poisoning)

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36
Q

What type of cells do Protists have?

A

Mostly unicellular Eukaryotic cells

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37
Q

What kind of flagella do Eukaryotic cells have?

A

Whip-like

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38
Q

What are the three general groups of protists?

A

Protozoa
Algae
Slime molds

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39
Q

How do Protozoa get their food?

A

Ingest it, like an animal

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40
Q

How do Algae get their food?

A

Photosynthesis, like a plant

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41
Q

How do Slime Molds get their food?

A

Absorb it, like a fungus

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42
Q

What are four types of Protozoa?

A
  • Ciliates
  • Flagellates
  • Amoebas(Amoebic dysentery “montezuma’s revenge”
  • Apicomplexans(Malaria)
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43
Q

What are two types of unicellular algae?

A

Diatoms(Diatomaceous earth)

Green algae

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44
Q

What are three examples of multicellular algae?

A

Brown algae
Red algae
Green algae

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45
Q

What are two examples of slime molds?

A 
Slime molds
Water molds(Irish potato famine)
46
Q

What are two examples of “plant-like” or “animal-like” protists?

A

Euglena

Dinoflagellates

47
Q

What are three examples of dinoflagellates?

A

Red tides
Pfiesteria piscicida “cell from hell”
Bioluminescent dinoflagellates

48
Q

Where did the plant kingdom descend from?

A

Green algae(protist)

49
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2+12H2O+solar energy
=
C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2

50
Q

What are plants?

A

Photosynthetic multicellular eukaryotes with adaptations for living on land.

51
Q

What is transportation?

A

Evaporation out of stomata pulls H2O up through the xylem.

52
Q

What is translocation?

A

Movement of sugars from the leaves to other areas through the phloem.

53
Q

Z-S-M-S-G-G-F stands for?

A 
Zygote(2n)
Sporophyte(2n)
Meiosis
Spores(n)
Gametophyte(n)
Gametes(n)
Fertilization
54
Q

Sporophyte is which form?

A

Diploid form(2n)

55
Q

Gametophyte is which form?

A

Haploid form(n)

56
Q

Do Mosses have a xylem or phloem?

A

No

57
Q

What is a mosses main form?

A

Gametophyte(n)

58
Q

These must be wet to live and have flagellated sperm.

A

Mosses

59
Q

These plants have xylem and phloem but no seeds.

A

Ferns

60
Q

These plants have xylem, phloem, and naked seeds.

A

Gymnosperms

61
Q

Do gymnosperms have flowers?

A

No

62
Q

If a conifer tree has big cones that make seeds, what gender is that tree?

A

Female

63
Q

What are two types of gymnosperms?

A

Conifers

Ginkgo

64
Q

These plants have xylem, phloem, seeds, and flowers.

A

Angiosperms

65
Q

What does the anther do?

A

Makes pollen

66
Q

What does the stigma do?

A

Attracts pollen

67
Q

Where is the ovary?

A

At the base of the stigma

68
Q

Fertilized ovaries turn into what?

A

Fruit

69
Q

Ovules become what after the ovaries are fertilized?

A

Seeds

70
Q

What are most plant species?

A

Angiosperms

71
Q

What are Fungi?

A

Hetertrophic eukaryotes that digest food externally and absorb the resulting enzymes

72
Q

What is a mycelium?

A

A “net-like” mass of hyphae

73
Q

What are hyphae?

A

Thread like filaments that make up a mycellium.

74
Q

What is the suffix that indicates an organism is a fungus?

A

Mycete (e.g. Zygomycetes)

75
Q

What is the most primitive type of fungus? They have flagella.

A

Chytridiomycetes

76
Q

What are the closest relatives to the chytridiomycetes?

A

Glomeromycetes

77
Q

Fungus & plant root mutualism

A

Mycorrhizae

78
Q

Fungi that release spores from their zygospores are called?

A

Zygomycetes

79
Q

Fungi that release spores from their asci are called?

A

Ascomycetes

80
Q

Fungi that release spores from their basidia are called?

A

Basidiomycetes

81
Q

Morels, Truffles, penicillium, aflatoxins, orange peel fungus, and birds nest fungus are all examples of…

A

Ascomycetes

82
Q

Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, and fairy rings are examples of…

A

Basidiomycetes

83
Q

Fast growing asexual fungi are called…

A

Molds

84
Q

Single-called fungi are called…

A

Yeast

85
Q

What does fermented barley make?

A

Beer

86
Q

What does fermented cactus make?

A

Tequila

87
Q

What does fermented potatoes make?

A

Vodka

88
Q

What does fermented rice make?

A

Sake

89
Q

What does fermented honey make?

A

Mead

90
Q

What does fermented corn make?

A

Bourbon or Whiskey

91
Q

Fungus + green algae
Fungus + Cyanobacteria

Are both…

A

Lichens

92
Q

What are two examples of parasitic fungi?

A

American Chestnut blight

Ring worm

93
Q

What is Candida?

A

Yeast infection

94
Q

What are Erogots?

A

Infected grains

95
Q

What are Smuts?

A

Infected plants

96
Q

What is Herpes simplex 1?

A

Cold sores

97
Q

What is Herpes simplex 2?

A

Genital herpes

98
Q

What is the Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Mononucleosis(mono)

99
Q

What is the Varicella-zoster virus?

A

Chicken pox

Shingles

100
Q

What is the Variola virus?

A

Small pox

101
Q

Herpes simple 1 and 2, the Epstein-Barr virus, the vermicelli-zoster virus, and the variola virus are all examples of…

A

DNA viruses

102
Q

What is the Influenza virus?

A

The flu

103
Q

What is the Paramyxovirus?

A

Measles

Mumps

104
Q

What is the Rhabdovirus?

A

Rabies

105
Q

What is the Ebola virus?

A

Ebola

106
Q

What are the Rhinoviruses?

A

The common cold

107
Q

What are retroviruses?

A

RNA viruses that do reverse transcription(e.g. HIV,AIDS)

108
Q

Influenza, paramyxovirus, rhabdovirus, the ebola virus, rhinoviruses, and retroviruses are all examples of…

A

RNA viruses

109
Q

What are prions?

A

Infected proteins

110
Q

What is a virus?

A

Tiny infectious pieces of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat called a capsid. Some wrap their capsid in a viral envelope.

Bio113 Test 3 (1 decks)

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