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Process 2 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does oncogene activation do?

A

leads to excessive amounts of cyclins and uncontrolled cell growth

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2
Q

labs for dehyration

A

BUN will be elevated, creatinine won’t

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3
Q

fever in cancer patients

A

99.0

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4
Q

SIADH happens commonly in which cancer?

A

lung

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5
Q

treatment of spinal cord compression

A
  • often palliative
  • high dose corticosteroids decrease swelling and reduce compression
  • high-dose radiation
  • surgery
  • external back or neck braces
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6
Q

s/s of hypercalcemia

A

fatigue, loss of appetite, n/v, constipation, polyuria, severe muscle weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, paralytic ileus, dehydration, ECG changes

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7
Q

treatment of hypercalcemia

A
  • oral hydration is usually adequate

- glucocorticoids, calcitonin…

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8
Q

Tx of superior vena cava syndrome

A
  • O2, corticosteroids, diuretics

- high-dose radiation therapy, rarely surgery, stent placement

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9
Q

tumor lysis syndrome

A

large numbers of tumor cells are destroyed rapidly, resulting in intracellular contents being released into the blood stream faster than they can be eliminated
-potassium and purines

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10
Q

Tx of tumor lysis syndrome

A
  • prevention through hydration

- drug therapy: allopurinol, diuretics, kayexalate

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11
Q

albumin level that shouldn’t go to surgery

A

lower than 3.8

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12
Q

A1C normal level

A

4-6.5… definitely should be lower than 7

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13
Q

diabetes insipidus originates in the

A

posterior pituitary gland

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14
Q

diagnostics for diabetes insipidus

A

vasopressin test: when given, symptoms go away

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15
Q

diagnostics for diabetes mellitus

A
  • fasting 8 hr glucose of 126 or more

- random or casual glucose of 200 or more

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16
Q

rapid acting name

A

aspart

lispro

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17
Q

short acting name

A

regular

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18
Q

intermediate acting name

A

NPH

lente

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19
Q

long acting name

A

glargine

20
Q

what does A1C measure?

A
  • the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin as a percentage of total hemoglobin
  • e.g., A1C of 7% means that 7% of the total hemoglobin has glucose attached to it
21
Q

labs for hypoparathyroidism

A

-serum PTH

22
Q

treatment of hypoparathyroidism

A
  • increase serum Ca+ to 9 to 10 mg/dL
  • calcium gluconate IV
  • Pentobarbital to decrease neuromuscular irritability
  • administration of parathormone
  • quiet environemnt, low draft, no sudden movement
  • high Ca+ diet and low in phosphorus
  • Vitamin D
23
Q

secretion of growth hormone happens where?

A

anterior pituitary gland

24
Q

disease if excess GH is secreted before the epiphesial plates close

A

gigantism

25
Q

disease if excess GH is secreted after epiphesial plates close

A

acromegaly

26
Q

steriostatic radiation

A

occlude blood vessels feeding the tumor, thereby starving it

27
Q

disease of hyposecretion of growth hormone

A

dwarfism

28
Q

treatment of dwarfism

A

-biosynthetic GH at bedtime until they are 14 or 16

29
Q

Cushings disease is caused by

A

hyperfunction of adrenals… too much steroid release

30
Q

labs for cushings

A

-dexamethasone suppression test

31
Q

Addisonian crisis s/s

A

shock; hypotension; rapid, weak pulse; rapid resp rate; pallor; extreme weakness

32
Q

Tx of Addisonian crisis

A

immediate IV administration of fluids, glucose, and electrolytes, especially sodium; replace missing hormones; vasopressors; recument position with legs elevated

33
Q

tx of graves disease

A
  • radioactive 131I therapy
  • PTU and methimazole
  • Na+ and potassium iodine solutions
  • dexamethasone
  • beta blockers
34
Q

thyroid storm s/s

A
  • high fever
  • extreme tachy
  • altered neuro: delirium psychosis, somnolence, coma
35
Q

tx of thyroid storm

A
  • reduce temp and HR and recent ventricular collapse
  • O2
  • IV fluids containing dextrose
  • PTU or methimazole
  • hydrocortisone to treat shock
  • iodine to decrease output of T4
  • Propanolol and dig to reduce CV symtoms
36
Q

s/s myxedema coma

A

diminished LOC, hypothermia without shivering, hypoventilation, hypotension, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis

37
Q

tx of myxedema coma

A
  • ventilatory support
  • thyroid and adrenocortical hormones, fluids, and glucose
  • gradual rewarming
38
Q

hypercalcemic crisis

A
  • serum Ca+ >13 mg/dL

- neuro, CV, and kidney symptoms that can be life threatening

39
Q

tx of hypercalcemic crisis

A
  • rapid rehydration with isotonic fluids to maintain output of 100-150 mL/hr
  • Calcitonin
40
Q

DKA is characterized by…

A
  • hyperglycemia
  • ketosis (fruity breath)
  • acidosis (respirations)
  • dehydration (BUN abnormal, creatinine normal)
41
Q

s/s DKA

A
  • early: lethargy/weakness

- late: dehyration, abdominal pain, vomiting, kussmaul respirations

42
Q

Tx of DKA

A
  • hydration with NS
  • insulin drip (always regular)
  • K+ replacement (ONLY when they’re hydrated)
  • O2
  • check glucose q30 min x2 or 4 when hanging drip, then qh
  • change IV to contain D5NS or D5 1/2NS when BG reaches 250
  • stop IV when insulin drip reaches 200
43
Q

dif between HHS and DKA

A

in HHS:

  • increased serum osmolality
  • absent/minimal ketone bodies
44
Q

tx of HHS

A
  • same as DKA but greater fluid replacement:
  • IV fluids, insulin therapy, electrolytes
  • once stable, attempt to detect underlying cause
45
Q

what interferes with sensing hypoglycemia

A

beta blockers

46
Q

treatment of hypoglycemia

A
  • Always treat ABC’s first
  • them 15mg CHO once able to swallow (orange juice, soda, lifesavers, lowfat milk)
  • repeat if BG is still

Process 2 (5 decks)

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