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Phlebotomy for PCT > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU) Screening

A

Inherited blood disorder, left untreated can cause mental retardation

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2
Q

Complications associated with phlebotomy

A

Hematoma

Hemoconcentration

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3
Q

Hematoma

A

Blood that has accumulated in the tissue surrounding the vein either caused by a needle going through the vein or failure to apply enough pressure after the needle is withdrawn

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4
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

Increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the tourniquet being left on too long (more than 2 minutes)

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5
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein as a result of repeated vein punctures of that vein

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6
Q

Petechia

A

Tiny non-raised red spots on the skin from rupturing of the capillaries tourniquet being left on too long or too tight

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7
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with the formation of a clot

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8
Q

Hemostasis

A

Process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury, there are four stages

Vascular phase
Platelets phase
Coagulation phase
Fibrinolysis

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9
Q

Vascular phase

stage 1 of Hemostasis

A

Injury to blood vessel causes constriction and slowing of blood flow

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10
Q

Platelets phase

Second stage of Hemostasis

A

Temporary platelet plug is formed

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11
Q

Coagulation phase

Third stage of Hemostasis

A

The platelets form a stable fibrin clot

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12
Q

Fibrinolysis

Stage four of Hemostasis

A

Breakdown and removal of the clot

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13
Q

Hematology section

A

Study of the blood

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14
Q

Section where formed elements of the blood are studied by classifying the RBCs WBCs and platelets. Most common specimen analyzed is whole blood and usually collected in ____ top tube.

A

Clinical Laboratory Section /

Lavender

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15
Q

Section were Hemostasis is evaluated. Plasma is usually the specimen analyzed drawn from blood collected in the ____ top tube with the anticoagulant sodium citrate. The tube must be inverted ___ times.

A

Clinical Laboratory Section /
Light Blue
Four

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16
Q

Most automated section in the laboratory. Divided into ___ areas.

A

Chemistry Section /

Seven

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17
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Analyzes chemical components of blood

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18
Q

Toxicology

A

Analyzes plasma levels of drugs and poisons

19
Q

Immunochemistry

A

Uses techniques such as immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay to detect and measure substances such as hormones, enzymes and drugs

20
Q

Liver profile

A

Test may include ALP, AST, ALT, GGT and bilirubin coronary risk profile. Test may include cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL

21
Q

Blood Bank Section

A

Blood is collected, stored and prepared for transfusion. Strict procedures for patient ID and specimen handling is a must to ensure patient safety

22
Q

Serology (Immunology)

A

Performs tests to elevate the patients immune response through the production of antibodies. Analyzes presence of antibodies to bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and antibodies against the body’s own substances (autoimmunity)

23
Q

Responsible for detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Primary test performed is culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Microbiology Section

24
Q

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

A

Helps determine causative microorganisms and the most sensitive antibiotic to fight the microorganism.
Used to diagnose the cause of a patients fever of unknown origin.

25
Q

Results of a C&S is usually available within ____ .

A

24-48 hours

26
Q

Cultures for TB and fungi are usually available ____ .

A

Within several weeks

27
Q

Tests urine to detect disorders and infection of a kidney and urinary tract and to detect metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.

A

Urinalysis Section

28
Q

Urinalysis has three components

A

Physical

Chemical

Microscopic

29
Q

Physical component of urinalysis

A

Evaluates color, clarity and specific gravity

30
Q

Chemical components of urinalysis

A

Determines RH, Glucose, ketones, protein, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen nitrates and leukocytes

31
Q

Microscopic component of urinalysis

A

Identifies presence of casts bacteria, yeast and parasites

32
Q

Preferred site of the upper extremities for venipuncture

A

Antecubital Fossa

33
Q

Three major veins in the Antecubital Fossa

A

Median Cubital Vein

Cephalical Vein

Basilic Vein

34
Q

Median Cubital Vein

A

Vein of choice, large does not tend to move or roll

35
Q

Cephalical Vein

A

Second vein of choice, usually more difficult to locate, moves often, is the only vein that can be palpated (felt) in the obese patient

36
Q

Basilic Vein

A

Third choice, least firmly anchored, located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted in too deep this artery may be punctured

37
Q

Veins unsuitable for venipuncture

A

Sclerosed Veins

Thrombotic Veins

Tortuous Veins

38
Q

Sclerosed Veins

A

Hard or Cordlike veins. Can be caused by disease, inflammation, chemotherapy or repeated venipunctures

39
Q

Thrombotic Veins

A

Veins that have clots inside them

40
Q

Tortuous Veins

A

Winding chocked veins. Susceptible to infection. Since blood flow is impaired the specimen collection may produce false test results

41
Q

Do not draw blood from _______ .

A

An arm with IV fluids running into it. The fluid will alter test results.

An artificial A-V Fistula site such as those surgically implanted in dialysis patients

42
Q

Septicemia

A

Systemic infection caused by pathogenic organisms introduced during venipuncture

43
Q

Trauma

A

Injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of the needle

44
Q

Factors to consider before performing venipuncture:

A

Fasting

Edema

Fistula

Phlebotomy for PCT (4 decks)

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