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Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications of Spinal cord injuries?

A 
Age
Gender
Neurological hypotension 
Circulatory hypokinesis 
Myocardial atrophy 
Pulmonary dysfunction 
Osteoporosis 
Sarcopenia
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2
Q

Inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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3
Q

MS is characterized by

A

Nerve demyelination

Plaques that turn into scars

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4
Q

Generic term for various types of non-progressive motor dysfunction present at birth or beginning early in childhood

A

Cerebral Palsy

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5
Q

Group of developmental disorders of movement and posture, causing activity restriction or disability that is attributed to disorders of movement or posture

A

CP

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6
Q

Paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, usually legs more than arms

A

Diplegia

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7
Q

Paralysis of one side of the body

A

Hemiplegia

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8
Q

Paralysis caused by injury/illness; results in partial or total loss of all four limbs

A

Quadriplegia

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9
Q

Loss of control of bodily functions

A

Ataxia

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10
Q

What is the #1 cause of mortality in U.S. Adults?

A

CVD

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11
Q

Loss of blood flow to a region of the brain as a result of CVD, Ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Stroke

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12
Q

Blood clot seals off narrowing artery, account for 87% of strokes?

A

Ischemic strokes

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13
Q

Excessive bleeding in cerebral artery preventing blood flow to brain cells downstream of hemorrhage?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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14
Q

What can stroke damage impair?

A

Voluntary muscle movement, vision, speech, judgement

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15
Q

Main cause of subsequent disability in stroke survivors

A

Brain damage

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16
Q

Do males have more spinal cord injuries than women?

A

Yes, they are 4X more likely

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17
Q

Primary causes of SCI?

A

Acts of violence
Falls
Sports injury

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18
Q

Pediatric SCI is congenital, or present atbirth, known as –?

A

Spinabifida

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19
Q

Types of SCI injury?

A

Primary and secondary injury

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20
Q

Type of SCI injury that damages the neural tracts, cell bodies, and vascular strictures that supply cord

A

Primary

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21
Q

Type of SCI that occurs because of hemorrhage and local edema within cord

A

Secondary injury

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22
Q

Final phase of SCI injury?

A

Formation of fibrous and glial scarring

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23
Q

What are the SCI Systemic adaptations?

A 
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary 
Thermo regulation 
Bowl and bladder functions 
Hyperflexia 
Autonomic dysrefexia 
Endocrine 
Osteopenia
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24
Q

What are the cardiovascular adaptations in a SCI injury?

A

Bradycardia

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25
Q

Sudden onset of excessively high BP, it is a type of SCI systemic adaptations

A

Autonomic dysrefexia

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26
Q

SCI signs and symptoms

A 
Motor paralysis 
Sensory loss
Spasticity 
Hypotension 
Pulmonary dysfunction 
UTI
Constipation 
Flaccidity
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27
Q

Special considerations of SCI cardio exercise testing?

A

Empty bowl/bladder
Handgrip and posture stability
Skin protection
Adjust loads according to impairments

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28
Q

ExRx for aerobic SCI patient

A

F: 3-7 days/wk
I: RPE 11-14, 50-85% VO2 Peak, 30-80% HRR (based on person and their progress)
T: 20-60 mins (continuous or interval)
T: arm/wheelchair ergometer, community wheeling, aquatics, seated aerobics
P: slow!! (

29
Q

Resistance ExRx for SCI

A

F: 2-3 days/wk
I: 8-12 reps @ 60-75% 1RM
T: time to complete 1-3 sets (30-60 mins)
T: elastic bands, free weights, body weight
P: increase resistance when 12 reps reached, increase sets as able

30
Q

Special considerations for Aerobic ExRx?

A

Avoid hypotension
Start with 5-10 min bouts
Avoid thermal stress
Do warm up and cool down

31
Q

Special considerations for all resistance exercise

A

Use spotter
Use seat belt and chest straps for balance
Use grips and mitts

32
Q

SCI ExRx for ROM

A

F: 7 days/wk
I: 2 sets @ 30-60 sec/set (gentle slow and painless)
T: 5-15 mins
T: active assisted (upper body), Passive assist (lower body)
P: as tolerated

33
Q

Goals of EXRX FOR ROM in SCI patients?

A

Prevent contracture and reduce spasticity

34
Q

Spinal cord injuries have a profound effect on exercise as a result of —- and —?

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

35
Q

How does MS usually come about?

A

Genetic

Triggered by viral infection (measles)

35
Q

What is the main indicator of MS?

A

Demyelination of neurons in CNS due to inflammatory autoimmune response

36
Q

What are the different types of MS?

A
  1. Relapsing-remitting
  2. Primary progressive
  3. Secondary progressive
  4. Progressive-relapsing
37
Q

Type of MS that can have a full recovery, this is the most common

A

Relapsing remitting

38
Q

Type of MS where the disease progressively gets worse and only has temporary, small improvements

A

Primary progressive

39
Q

Begins as relapsing-remitting, but progresses wither with or without infrequent relapses, plateaus, and remissions

A

Secondary progressive

40
Q

Progressive from onset with short, definite relapses with or without full recovery

A

Progressive relapsing

41
Q

Considerations for MS when exercise testing

A

Attenuated BP and HR responses
Impaired thermo regulation
Muscle weakness and fatigue

42
Q

Common meds for MS?

A

Corticosteroids

Immunodepresents

43
Q

ExRx for MS (Aerobic)

A

F: 3-5 days/wk
I: moderate (40-70% VO2R), RPE 11-4
T: 30 mins OR 3 bouts of 10 mins (build up to 60 min)
T: cycle ergometer, walking, swimming, treadmill
P: careful; based on individual responses to exercise

44
Q

Goals for aerobic ExRx in MS

A

Increase CV function and ex capacity, increase quality of life, decrease fatigue

45
Q

Resistance ExRx for MS

A

F: >2 days/wk
I: 60-80%1RM, 8-15 Reps,1-2 sets
T:30 mins, time to complete exercises, if excessive fatigue then increase rest time by 2-5 mins
T: machine weights, bands, stairs, aquatics
P: careful, based on abilities

46
Q

FLEXIBILITY ExRx for MS

A

F: most days of the week
I: to the point of tight or mild discomfort
T: each stretch held for 30-60 seconds, 2-4 reps
T: slow, gentle stretching
P: gradual, w/o bouncing

47
Q

Balance ExRx for MS

A

F: >2 days/ wk
I: 2 sets of 10-15 reps on each side of body
T: dependent on exercise
T: Standing on one foot, walking heel to toe, balance walk
P: exercise performance on hard/stable surface

48
Q

75% of all CP cases are a result of —?

A

Prenatal events

49
Q

Most common risk factors of CP?

A

Premature birth and low birth weight

50
Q

Most important part of cardio exercise testing in CP patients

A

Mode; leg, arm, wheelchair ergometer

51
Q

What does ACSM recommend to test muscular strength and endurance in those with CP?

A

8RM OR 25RM

52
Q

Treatment for CP

A 
Nonpharmacologic 
- neuromuscular electrical stimulation 
Pharmacological 
-focus on seizure control 
Surgical 
-muscle lengthening
53
Q

ExRx aerobic for CP

A

F: 3-5 days/wk
I: 40-50%HRR
T: 2-3 10 min sessions, with rest periods of 3-10 mins
T: non-weight bearing, swimming, cycles
P: slow progression in duration and intensity

54
Q

Resistance ExRx for CP

A

F: 2 days/wk
I: to fatigue
T: 3 sets, 8-12 reps
T: free weights, resistance bands

55
Q

Goal of cardio training in CP patients

A

Prevent secondary conditions and delay functional decline

56
Q

Goals of resistance training in CP

A

Slow or reverse muscle weakness and increase ability to stand longer and preform ADLS

57
Q

Leading cause of death and disability

A

Stroke

58
Q

3rd leading cause of death in the US

A

Stroke

59
Q

Bleeding inside the brain

A

Hemodynamic

60
Q

Bleeding in and around the brain

A

Subarachnoid

61
Q

Type of anticoagulant (prevents clotting of blood), stroke victims take this

A

Warfarin

62
Q

Type of anti platelet that stroke patients take

A

Aspirin

63
Q

This decreases rest BP and ex BP, a type of medicine that ends in -Pril

A

ACE Inhibitor

64
Q

Average functional capacity for stroke patients?

A

14 ml/kg/min

65
Q

Stroke-Aerobic ExRx

A 
F:3-5 days 
I:40-80% HRR 
T: 15-30 mins 
T: floor and treadmill walking, nu-step 
P: low to high intensity, HR should stop based on RPE
66
Q

Stroke ExRx- resistance

A

F: 3-5 days
I: as tolerated, end with 80%1RM
T: 30-45 mins
T: elastic bands, body weight, sand bags
P: slow/conservative, but mainly as tolerated by patient

67
Q

Flexibility ExRx for stroke

A

F: 3-5 days/wk
I: below point of discomfort
T: 10-20 mins
T: passive movement, PNG

68
Q

Goals of Resistance, Flexibility, and Cardio for stroke victims

A

A: increase functional capacity to above 20ml/kg/min
F: maintain ROM
R: improve gait related parameters and ADLS

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