Test 3 Flashcards
An assumption language learners make that two objects that have features in common can have a name in common, but that each object also can have its own individual name.
Taxonomic constraint
Behavioral Theory
Personality is the result of interaction between individual and enviorment
-focus on measurable behabiors
(private events can be behaviors but are not causes of behavior)
|-> personality is not caused by a trait
A learning disability characterized by difficulties with writing, including trouble with spelling, handwriting, or expressing thoughts on paper.”
Dysgraphia
Mental representations of the particular attachment relationships that a child has experienced that become the model for expectations of future relationships.
Internal working model
Temperament
Early- Emerging, stable, individuality in a persons behavior
Influence how caregivers and children respond to each other based on:
- Biological
- Historical
- Enviormental factors
Difficult: Negative mood, difficulty adapting
Slow to Warm: bad interactions
OTHER INFLUENCES
- Cultural Characteristics
- Parental Characteristics
- Environmental chaos
- Childs Characteristics
A research technique used to assess a child’s status within the peer group.
Sociometry
Trait Theory
Personality is the result of internal charracteristics on genetics
- caused by the behavior of people
- can range from 5-4,000 traits (per psychologist)
Playing next to a peer with the same type of materials, but not interacting with the other child
Parallel play
Reciprocity
familly disruption -labeled deviant -lowered self esteem -anger -faulty problem solving
The use of syntax to learn the meaning of new words (semantics).
Syntactic bootstrapping
An inability to play because the child s emotions are preventing the kind of free expression linked with the fun of play.
Play disruption
side-by-side play is known as
parallel play (24 months)
Conduct Disorder
-Agression -Vandalism -Decietfullness -Theft
BF Skinner - Theoretical Groundwork for understanding is known as
Verbal Behavior
when should a child Smile, make eye contact, and react to voices expresss likes/dislikes parrellel play self aware (name, gender, age, sharing, non aggressive) co-op play, more talking
6months Smile, make eye contact, and react to voices 12 months expresss likes/dislikes 24 months parrellel play 3 years self aware (name, gender, age, sharing, non aggressive) 4 years co-op play, more talking
Morality
Principles by which people ought treat each other
-Gender Identity (reached by 2 years)
*I am a girl/boy
-Gender Stability (reached by 4 years)
*I was a girl/boy and will be a girl/boy in future too
-Gender Consistancy (reached by 7 years)
*I will be the same sex, even if I do the opposite genders activities
Cognitive Developmental Theory of Gender Development
The rapid growth of a child s vocabulary that often occurs in the second year.
Vocabulary burst
Juvenile detention is for
Temporarily placement into youth incarceration
Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm, and Blood describe what?
Hipocrates four humors
The ability to consciously control one s behavior.
Effortful control
Moral Development
Process through which children develop proper behaviors toward other people in society based on social and cultural norms, rules, and laws.
Three Factors to bullying
-
-
-
- Repetative
- Unwanted
- Power Inbalance
True Words can be learned/spoken by children at….
@10-12 months
Personality is..
Organization of patterns of development an individual has learned under the special conditions of his/her development
Also defined as:
patterns of behavior an individual has learned as a result of his/her enviorment (and interactions with the enviorment)
The likelihood that one particular sound will follow another one to form a word
Transitional probability
A speaker repeats verbal behavior of another speaker
Echoic
Behavioral Analynic approach in summary-
A system of rule governed behavior that reinforces rule following behavior.
Kohlburgs Theory of moral development
involves reinforcement and punishment
moral action v. reasoning and judgement
Description v. explanation
Cause of moral behavior
Rule stated -> follow rule -> reinforcer.
Attatchment Pattern: Child is unable to use caregiver as a secure base, seeking proximity before separation occurs - distressed
Ambivalent/Resistant
Bullying
An act of repeated aggressive behavior to intentionally hurt another person physically or mentally
|-> characterised by an individual behaving in a wcertain way to gain power over another person.
Bullying Project 5 steps
- Assess how syudents and staff feel about their environment
- make all adults part of the solution:relationship monitor/reflection
- inspire youth to change the tide, no more exclusion
- institute commmunity wide rituals and traditions/ ^diversity
- Build and support social, emotional, and ethical skills
Relation between behavior and environmental variables
Contingency Stimulus
Speaker deferentially responds to the verbal behavior of others
Intraverbal
Galen 4 temperments
- chloric: ambitious/leader like
- melancholic: introverted/thoughtful
- sanguine: impulsive and pleasure seeeking
- phlegmatic: relaxed & quiet
A general responsiveness marked by a slow adaptation to new experiences and moderate irregularity in eating, sleeping, and elimination
Slow-to-warm temperament
somewhat structured babbling
Echologic babbling
The marshmellow test proved
effortful control
Mary Ainsworth s experimental procedure designed to assess security of attachment in infants.
Strange Situation
Brokas area
speech output via muscle movement
A process of mutual reinforcement where caregivers reinforce a child’s problem behavior which in turn evokes caregiver negativity.
The Coercive family process
Attatchment Pattern: When a child uses a caregiver as a base for exploration child is happiest & secure
Secure
3 Cries that infants do (and another at 3 weeks)
Anger Pain Hunger (fake cry)
Five Factor Model
of Personality
Extraversion - How outgoing someone is
Agreeablenesss - Compassion/Attatched
Conscientiousness - Organized/Prepared
Neuroticism - Nervous/Secure
Openness to Experience - Curiosity/Consciousness
Large, reputation-based groups that are based upon a shared stereotype but whose members do not necessarily spend time together.
Crowds
Attatchment Pattern: Child is depressed, angry, passive, and unresponsive
Disorganized
A type of grammatical error in which children apply a language rule to words that don t follow that rule or pattern (for example, adding an s to make the plural of an irregular noun such as foot).
Overregularization
Behavior Analytic approach to moral development - - - - -
-reinforcement -punishment -imitation -rule governed behavior -contingency shaped behavior
Behavioral Systems Approach
1- Genotype-Environment interactions
2- Person-Environment interactions
Attatchment Pattern: Child is not very explorative and emotionally distant.
Avoidant
Bobo doll expierement
demonstrated that children immitate the behavior that they see and adult perform on a bobo doll, in the case of this expierement they mimiced and enhanced aggressive behavior.
Repeated sounds (non unique)
Babbling
-Early childhood experiences -Caregiver reinforcement -Caregiver modeling
Ontologenic
Gneotype-Environment interactions
- How individual genetics histories affect behavior indirect influence of genes-
- Passive: genotpe matches enviorment
- Evokative: Genotype impacts current enviorment
- Active: Genotype selects certain environment
Random sounds
Cooing
A persistent pattern of behavior marked by violation of the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate social norms or rules.
Conduct disorder
Speaker names things and actions that the speaker has no direct contact with through the senses
Tact
A disorder marked by inability to form attachments to caregivers.
Reactive attachment disorder
Using symbolic representations and imagination for play.
Symbolic/sociodramatic play
when a child tries to immitate behaviors that have not yet led to reinforcement
generalized immitation
Watching others play.
Onlooker behavior
Purposes for Incarceration
-Retribution -Incapacitation -Deterrence -Rehabilitation
cognitive developmental approach to moral development 3x3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
How well a child s temperamental characteristics match the demands of the child s environment.
Goodness of fit
An experimental task used to assess a child s understanding that others may believe something the child knows to be untrue.
False belief paradigm
Wernicks area
used for language comprehension
describe antisocial disorder as it progresses through early childhood middle childhood late childhood adulthood
early childhood Poor parent discipline/monitoring =child conduct problems middle childhood Rejected by peers Academic failure late childhood Commitment to deviant or group adulthood Delinquency/antisocial personality disorder.
-Evokes parental caregiving
Phylogenic contributions
Speaker ‘asks’ for what he needs/wants -> gets commmunicator reinforcement
Mand
Removing people from society
Incarceration
Behavior Analynic approach to moral development - - - -
-Behavioral changes evolve on a moment to moment basis -No distinct stages -The unique history of contingency in each individual results in different moral behavioral patterns -The unique history of contingencies of each individual results in the development of rules governing moral behavior
The ability to wait until later in order to get something desirable.
Delay of gratification
Repeating what children say but in a more advanced grammar to facilitate language learning.
Recast
irritable scolding that actually increases a behavior
Mattering
Reading written words
textual
Development of species, genus, or group, over time
Phylogency
Psychoanalysis Theory
-Sigmund Freud-
Id: Instinctual drives
Ego: pleases the Id in thoughtful ways
Super Ego: Consciousness, works against the Id
*Human Psyche
Small groups of friends who spend time together and develop close relationships.
Cliques
