Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Spastic dysarthria

A
  • combined effects of weakness and spasticity
  • problem of neuromuscular execution
  • combined with spastic paralysis
  • pseudobulbar palsy
  • 7% of MSDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neurobasis of spastic dysarthria

A

Damage to pyramidal at first (weakness) , then extrapyramidal systems starts to show (hyperreflexia, spasticity in velar muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Specific damage to pyramidal system

A

Loss of fine movement, weakness, absent abdominal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Specific Extrapyramidal damage symptoms

A
  • increased muscle tone
  • spasticity
  • clonus
  • decorticate posture
  • hyperactive stretch reflex
  • babinski sign
  • hyperactive gag reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Confirmatory signs of spastic dysarthria

A

Spasticity, weakness, pseudobulbar affect, pathological reflexes, hyperactive stretch reflex, clonus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Speech subsystems affected

A

Manifests in any or all of respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, prosodic and articulatory components of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spastic dysarthria rate, range, force, tone

A

Rate: slow
Range: reduced
Force: recused
Tone: excessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perceptual characteristics

A

Low pitch, slow rate, strained-strangled voice quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spastic dysarthria locus and primary deficit

A

Locus: upper motor neuron
Deficit: spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Articulation symptoms with spastic dysarthria

A

Imprecise consonant production, vowel distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phonation symptoms with spastic dysarthria

A

Harsh vocal quality, strained-strangled voice, low pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Resonance symptoms with spastic dysarthria

A

Hypernasality without nasal emission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prosody symptoms with spastic dysarthria

A

Mono loudness, mono pitch, short phrases, slow rate of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient complaints with spastic dysarthria

A 
Slow, effort full speech
Fatigue with speaking
Swallowing complaints
Hypernasality
Hyperactive gag reflex
Drooling
Pseudobulbar affect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Assessment task findings for spastic dysarthria

A

Slow speech AMRs, mono loudness/pitch in conversational speech, vowel prolongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Etiology of spastic dysarthria

A

Anything that damages upper motor neuron system bilaterally, degenerative diseases being most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Other etiologies of spastic dysarthria

A

Stroke, TBI, brainstem tumor, cerebral anoxia, viral or bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phonation deficit treatments for spastic dysarthria

A
  • head and neck relaxation

- easy onsets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Articulation deficit treatments for spastic dysarthria

A

Tongue and lip stretching, intelligibility drills, phonetic placement, exaggerating consonants, minimal contrasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prosody deficit treatments for spastic dysarthria

A

Pitch range exercises, intonation profiles, contrastive stress drills, chunking utterances into syntactic units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Resonance deficit treatments for spastic dysarthria

A

Surgical and prosthetic treatment, increase loudness, mirror for visual feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurological basis of UUMN

A

Often think of UUMN dysarthria as specifically damage to lower face/tongue but some bilaterally innervated speech structures also show effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clinical characteristics/confirmatory signs of UUMN

A

Hemiparesis/plegia
Unilateral central face weakness
Unilateral central tongue weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Speech subsystems affected by UUMN

A

Mainly articulation, because of weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Neuromuscular bases/salient features UUMN
None defined, but can assume possible weakness, increased muscle tone, and incoordination
26
Patient perceptions/complaints UUMN
Typically aware of difficulty with speech When severe, patients are distressed over their unintelligibility Speech deteriorates under stress and fatigue Drooling on affected side of face Chewing and swallowing problems
27
Perceptual features of UUMN
Imprecise consonants, slow AMRs, harsh vocal quality, imprecise or irregular AMRs, slow rate, irregular articulatory breakdowns, mild Hypernasality, reduced loudness, strained voice, excess and equal stress
28
Articulation deficits by UUMN
``` Weakness and reduced range of motion Decreased fine motor control of tongue and lips Imprecise consonant production Articulatory breakdowns Slow AMRs ```
29
Phonation deficits of UUMN
Mild to moderate harsh vocal quality Possibly reduced vocal loudness Harsh vocal quality means function of larynx is compromised
30
Resonance deficits in UUMN
Hypernasality
31
Prosody and respiration deficits in UUMN
Prosody: slight slower rate of speech Respiration: not typical
32
Assessment tasks for UUMN
Medical records Conversation or reading Prolonged vowel AMR task
33
Treatment for UUMN
Intelligibility drills Phonetic placement Exaggerating consonants Minimal contrast drills
34
Locus of ataxic dysarthria
Cerebellar control circuit
35
Primary deficit of ataxic dysarthria
Incoordination
36
Ataxic dysarthria dysarthria
Incoordination and reduced muscle tone result in slowness and inaccuracy in the timing, and direction of speech movements
37
Cerebellar circuit
Superior peduncle: sends information out Middle peduncle: movements Inferior peduncle: sensory information
38
Confirmatory signs of ataxic dysarthria
``` Generalized ataxia Nystagmus - jerky eye movements Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesis Terminal tremor ```
39
Direction, rhythm, and tone of movements for ataxic dysarthria (salient features)
Direction: inaccurate Rhythm: irregular Tone: reduced
40
Most severe perceptual characteristics for ataxic dysarthria
``` Excess and equal stress Irregular articulatory breakdown Distorted vowels Prolonged phonemes Excess loudness variations ```
41
Which speech subsystems are most affected by ataxic dysarthria
Articulation and prosody
42
Articulation symptoms with ataxic dysarthria
Imprecise consonant production Distorted vowels Irregular articulatory breakdowns
43
Prosody symptoms with ataxic dysarthria
``` Excess and equal stress Prolonged phonemes Slow rate Mono pitch Monoloudness Excess/explosive loudness ```
44
Resonance symptoms with ataxic dysarthria
Some brief periods of hyponasality
45
Respiration symptoms with ataxic dysarthria
``` Paradoxical movements (opposite inhale/exhale movements) Exaggerated movements ```
46
Phonation symptoms with ataxic dysarthria
Harsh vocal quality | Voice tremor
47
Patient complaints with ataxic dysarthria
``` Slurred, drunk speech Difficulty coordinating breathing and speaking Bite cheek/tongue while eating/talking Stumble over words May fatigue ```
48
Good assessments for diagnosing ataxic dysarthria
Speech AMRs Reading, conversational speech, repeating sentences (Vowel prolongation is not as useful)
49
Etiology of ataxic dysarthria
Primarily degenerative followed by idiopathic
50
Traditional articulation treatments for ataxic dysarthria
Intelligibility drills Minimal contrast drills Phonetic placement Exaggerating consonants
51
Respiratory treatments for ataxic dysarthria
Slow and controlled exhalation Cueing for complete inhalation Stop phonation early Teach patient amount of syllables for each breath
52
Prosodic treatments for ataxic dysarthria
Intonation profiles Contrastive stress Chunking utterances into syntactic units Pitch range exercises
53
Prosodic treatments for ataxic dysarthria (rate control)
Metronome Finger/hand tapping Cued reading material
54
Hypokinetic dysarthria locus and primary deficit
Locus: basal ganglia | Primary deficit: rigidity and decreased range of motion
55
Hypokinetic dysarthria symptoms
Rigidity, reduced force/range of movement, slow individual movements, occasional fast repetitive movements
56
Why is hypokinetic dysarthria unique?
- increased range of motion | - vast majority of cases share same etiology
57
Dopamine vs acetylcholine
Dopamine: inhibitory NT Acetylcholine: excitatory NT
58
Basal ganglia damage will impair:
Goal directed activities Postural adjustment during skilled movements Adjusting movements to environment Learning, selection, and initiation of movements Sensorimotor integration
59
Confirmatory signs of hypokinetic dysarthria
``` Tremor: static or resting Rigidity Loss of postural reflexes (difficulties sitting to standing) Bradykinesia Akinesia: lack of delay in movement Micrographia in writing Festinations: shuffling of steps ```
60
Patient perceptions of hypokinetic dysarthria
Quiet voice, can't be heard, talk fast, no emotional tone, stutter, drooling, swallowing problems, stiff upper lip
61
Most pronounced speech subsystems affected
Voice, articulation, prosody
62
Prosody symptoms in hypokinetic dysarthria
Inappropriate silences due to akinesia Reduced stress Increased speech rate Short rushes of speech/variable rate
63
Articulation symptoms of hypokinetic dysarthria
Imprecise consonants Repeated phonemes Palilia: increasingly rapid repetition of words
64
Phonation symptoms of hypokinetic dysarthria
Harsh or breathy, low pitch, brief periods of aphonia, tremor
65
Respiration symptoms of hypokinetic dysarthria
Faster breathing rate, shallow breath support, reduced range of motion
66
Salient features of hypokinetic dysarthria
``` Individual movements: slow Repetitive movements: fast Range of individual movements: reduced Range of repetitive movements: very reduced Force: reduced Tone: excessive ```
67
Most severe perceptual characteristics for hypokinetic dysarthria
Mono pitch, reduced stress, inappropriate silences, short rushes of speech, breathy quality, variable rate, increased rate in segments, increase of rate overall, repeated phonemes
68
Etiology of hypokinetic dysarthria
Anything that reduces dopamine to striatum
69
Pharmacological treatment of hypokinetic dysarthria
L-dopa, anticholinegics
70
Surgical treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria
Ablation: thalamus purposefully lesion end | Deep brain stimulation
71
Behavioral treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria
Rate reduction, stretching, traditional articulation techniques, phonatory techniques, respiratory techniques, prosodic techniques
72
Pros of delayed auditory feedback for hypokinetic dysarthria
Little trading, great improvements, better movements,
73
Cons of delayed auditory feedback for hypokinetic dysarthria
May not help in conversation, may not improve intelligibility
74
Lee Silverman voice treatment
One vocal target with multiple repetitions
75
Hyperkinetic dysarthria locus and primary deficit
Locus: basal ganglia control circuit | Primary deficit: involuntary movements
76
Hyperkinetic dysarthria symptoms
Characterized by abnormal, unpredictable, involuntary movements
77
Neurobasis of hyperkinetic dysarthria
Disease of basal ganglia control circuit resulting from pathways failure to inhibit cortical motor discharges
78
Confirmatory signs of hyperkinetic dysarthria
Abnormal involuntary movements, extra movements, dyskinesia
79
Chorea
Rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless movements of body parts
80
Huntington's disease
Gradual degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex
81
Types of involuntary movements for hyperkinetic dysarthria
Myoclonus: involuntary jerks/contractions of body part Tics Ballism: gross, abrupt contractions of muscles of extremities resulting in flailing
82
Essential tremor
Tremor of arms, hands, voice box, jaw, head, and neck with movement
83
Essential voice tremor
20% of patients with essential tremor, heard during vowel movement
84
Dystonia
Sustained, slow involuntary contractions of muscles in one or more body parts
85
Patient complaints for hyperkinetic dysarthria
Slow, slurred speech | Shaky voice
86
Most severe perceptual characteristics for hyperkinetic dysarthria
Prolonged intervals, variable rates, inappropriate silences, excess loudness variations, prolonged phonemes, voice stoppages, breathiness
87
Which speech subsystem is most affected by hyperkinetic dysarthria chorea
Prosody
88
Which speech subsystem is most affected by hyperkinetic dysarthria dystonia
Articulation
89
Assessment task findings for hyperkinetic dysarthria
Vowel prolongation, AMRs highlight irregular articulatory breakdowns and speech rate variations, conversational speech/reading aloud,
90
Mixed dysarthria neurological breakdown
Neurological damage extends into two or more parts of motor system
91
Most common mixed dysarthria
Flaccid-spastic | Ataxic-spastic
92
Speech affected by mixed dysarthria
Profound difficultly with intelligibility, cognitive deficits,
93
Etiology of mixed dysarthria
Largely degenerative, multiple sclerosis, ALS, freidrichs ataxia, Wilson's disease

Motor Speech Disorders (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions