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Sports Medicine > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Power

A

Strength over a distance in a specific amount of time

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2
Q

Endurance

A

Muscle’s Ability to perform repeated contracting or sustained contractions

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3
Q

PROM

A

Passive Range of Motion- can’t do alone

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4
Q

AAROM

A

Active assistant range of motion- can do with assistance

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5
Q

AROM

A

Active Range Of Motion- can do alone

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6
Q

RROM

A

Resistant Range Of Motion- can do against resistance

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7
Q

Developing a resistant exercise program:

A
  • needs analysis
  • exercise selection
  • training frequency
  • exercise order
  • training load and reps
  • volume
  • rest Periods
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8
Q

3 questions for needs Analysis

A
  • What activities does patient perform? Which muscles r needed? Which r weak?
  • What type of muscle activation is needed? Isometric, concentric, eccentric?
  • what needs to be developed (SEP)
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9
Q

Assessing muscular strength

A
  • MMT (conc, ecc, isom)
  • one rep max
  • isokinetic
  • Tensiometer
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10
Q

MMT advantages

A

Easiest most common

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11
Q

One rep max disadvantage

A
  • difficult to measure w/ injury
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12
Q

Isokinetic disadvantage

A

Expensive

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13
Q

MMT chart

A

0) none- no visible palpable contraction, no motion
1) trace- visible and palpable contraction, no motion
2) poor- full ROM, gravity eliminated
3) fair- full ROM, against gravity
4) good- full ROM, against gravity, moderate resistance
5) normal- full ROM, against gravity, maximal resistance

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14
Q

How to tell wether person is just normally extremely weak?

A

Compare bilaterally

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15
Q

How to assess muscular power

A
  • vertical jump
  • long jump
  • wingate test
  • medicine ball toss
  • isokinetic testing
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16
Q

Assessing muscular endurance

A
  • push up
  • sit up
  • chin up
  • flexed arm hang
  • # reps at a fixed wt
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17
Q

Isometric

A

Contraction without change in length, helps with Neuromuscular control

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18
Q

Isotonic

A

Concentric- muscle shortens, Eccentric- muscle lengthening

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19
Q

Isokinetic

A

Same speed

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20
Q

What is the order of isotonic , metric, kinetic

A

Isometric, tonic, kinetic

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21
Q

In isometric, be careful with

A

CVD’s

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22
Q

Neuromuscular control

A

Body will respond to imposed demands

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23
Q

Which is better eccentric or concentric? Why?

A

Eccentrics produce 30% more force

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24
Q

Single vs. compound joint exercises

A

Single: Less sport specific

Compound: More sport specific

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25
Q

Types of resistance

A
  • Body weight,
  • manual resistance
  • elastic/rubber tubing/bands
  • free weights
  • isotonic machines
  • isokinetic machines
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26
Q

Body weight resistance +/-

A

(+)inexpensive, home programs, sport specific

(-)heavier athletes, difficult to use with certain body parts/muscles, hard to continue progression to advanced stages,

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27
Q

Manual resistance +/-

A

(+) inexpensive, immediate feedback to u, ability to change contraction type

(-) difficult objective measurement, advanced stages…enough resistance?

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28
Q

Elastic tubing/bands +/-

A

(+) functional patterns, relatively inexpensive, “homework, travel

(-) resistance increases as band is stretched and is most difficult at muscles weakest point, advanced stages

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29
Q

Free weight +/-

A

(+) requires stability, works many muscles/groups, heavier load, easy to measure quantitatively

(-) some cost, safety

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30
Q

Isotonic machines +/-

A

(+) Isom/con/ecc, safe, no need for assistance, easy to change, objective measurements, easier to target specific muscle or group
(-) cost, space, less functional, no stability

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31
Q

Isokinetic machines +/-

A

(+) safe, allows training at higher speeds, objective measurements, diagonal patterns, testing, visual feed back

(-) cost, space, time, lots of training to operate, velocity specific gains

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32
Q

OKC

A

Open kinetic chain, free distal segment, less functional

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33
Q

CKC

A

Closed Kinetic Chainfixed distal segment, more functional

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34
Q

OKC vs. CKC

A

OKC- isolated weaker muscles

CKC- more functional, safer

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35
Q

SAID

A

Specific Adaptions for Imposed Demands

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36
Q

Muscle loses how much strength per day if immobilized?

A

1-5% strength/day if immob

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37
Q

Takes how long to regain muscle loss of one day

A

One week

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38
Q

Detraining begins

A

7-14 days if no more further training

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39
Q

How long to increase muscle strength by 5%-12%

A

7 days

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40
Q

Untrained training frequency

A

2-3 /wk with 1-2 days rest in between

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41
Q

Whole body training frequency

A

2-3/ week

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42
Q

Splint training frequency

A

1-2 days rest between 2-3/wk

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43
Q

Exercise order

A
  • warm up
  • rom/ stretching
  • more taxing exercises earlier in session
  • vs. isolate then incorporate
  • alternate Push and pull
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44
Q

Goal - strength

A

Resistance: 80-90% 1 RM
Reps: 5-8
Sets: 3-5
Rest: 2-3m

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45
Q

Goal- power

A

Resistance: 90% + 1RM
Reps: 1-6
Sets: 5
Rest: 3-5m

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46
Q

Goal- endurance

A

Resistance: 66-80% 1 RM
Reps: >8
Sets: 3-5
Rest: 1-2 m

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47
Q

Volume formula

A
  • Sets x reps x weight

- 2-3 sets is spusually good enough

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48
Q

Strength

A

Maximum force that muscle can exert at once.

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49
Q

How long for muscle to recover after intense work out

A

3-4 minutes

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50
Q

Rest periods

A
  • early stages of program
  • set of heavy resistance
  • shorter rest period as pt progresses, developed endurance and after isolation exercise
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51
Q

bench press points of reference

A

Feet, back, butt, head

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52
Q

Healing process three phases

A

1) Inflammatory response phase
2) fibroblasts can repair phase
3) maturation remodeling phase

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53
Q

Tissue injured healing process time

A

Day 1- day 4

54
Q

S/s of inflammation

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • tenderness
  • increased temp
  • loss of function
55
Q

Immediate vascular response to tissue damage

A

Vasoconstriction for 5-10 min followed by vasodilation (histamine)

56
Q

Clot formation time

A

12-48 hrs

57
Q

How long does inflammatory response last

A

2-4 days after injury

58
Q

Pibroclastis repainted phase time

A
  • Day four to week 4-6
  • Scar formation
  • pain subsides
59
Q

Types of collagen

A

Type 1: skin, tendon, bone, ligaments, cartilage
Type 2: Hyaline cartilage and vertebral disks
Type 3: skin, smooth muscle, nerves, and blood vessels

60
Q

Remodeling phase

A

Remodeling of collagen fibers that make up scar tissue according to forces applied to the tissue

61
Q

Firm scar exists after

A

3 weeks

62
Q

Wolff’s law

A

Bone and tissue respond to physical demands placed on them

63
Q

Mobilization better that immobilization why?

A

Muscles, bones and joint will get stiff and immobile. Loss of muscle.

64
Q

Factors that slow healing

A
  • extent of injury
  • edema
  • hemorrhage
  • poor vascular supply
  • separation of tissue
  • muscular spasm
  • loss of muscle
  • keloids and hypertrophic scarring
  • infection
  • health, age and nutrition
65
Q

Cartilage healing

A

Limited healing capacity, two months

66
Q

Ligament healing

A

Clot forms in 6 weeks

Takes 12 weeks

67
Q

Factors that affect ligament healing

A
  • Surgically repaired ligaments are better
  • Non repaired ligaments heal by scarring
  • Existing ligaments are stronger task immobilized ones and constantly stress injured ligament with exercise.
68
Q

Hamstring sprain time period

A

6-8 weeks. Rehab can be lengthy

69
Q

Tendon healing

A
  • Lots of collagen
  • too much collagen can cause scar tissue
  • tendon can adhere to surrounding tissue
  • takes 4-5 weeks
70
Q

Nerve healing

A

Closer to cell body, more difficult healing (peripheral)
CNS generates very poorly
Regenerates at 3-4 mm per day

71
Q

Bone healing

A

Osteoblasts and clastic can continue 2-3 years

72
Q

Acute vs. chronic

A

Acute- less than six months

Chronic- more than 6 months

73
Q

Symptom vs. sign

A

Symptoms: change that indicated injury or disease, subjective

Sign: indicator of disease, objective

74
Q

SOAP

A

Subjective, objective, assessment, plan

75
Q

HOPS

A

History, observation, Palpation, special tests

76
Q

History

A

OPQRST

Has this happened before?

77
Q

Observation

A

Deformity, symmetrical, movement, posture, inflammation

78
Q

Palpation

A

Soft tissue, bony Palpation , both injured and non injured side should be palpated

79
Q

Prom endpoints

A
  • soft tissue approximation
  • capsular feel
  • bone to bone
  • muscular
80
Q

Abnormal endpoints

A
  • empty
  • spasm
  • loose
  • springy
81
Q

Trauma

A

Physical injury caused by external force

82
Q

Mechanical injury

A

Harmful disturbance r function or structure

83
Q

Elasticity

A

Property that allows a tissue to return to normal after deformation

84
Q

Yield point

A

Elastic limit

85
Q

Plastic region

A

Deformation of tissue exists after load is removed

86
Q

Creep

A

Deformation of tissue that occurs with constant load over time

87
Q

Mechanical failure

A

tissue breaks down

88
Q

Load

A

External force acting on internal tissue

89
Q

Stress

A

Internal resistance to external load

90
Q

Strain

A

Amount of deformation of tissue under loading

91
Q

Deformation

A

Change in shape of a tissue

92
Q

Traumatic injury

A

Physical injury by external or internal force

93
Q

Overuse

A

Repetitive activities cause injuries

94
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

95
Q

Strains

A

Muscles and tendons
Grade 1: fibers stretched, some torn
Grade 2: fibers have been torn
Grade 3: fibers completely ruptured

96
Q

Muscle guarding

A

Body trying to splint area in response to pain, involuntary

97
Q

Two types of muscle spasms

A

Clonic: alternating contractions and relaxation
Tonic: contractions for a long of of time

98
Q

Muscle soreness

A

Acute: right after workout
DOMs: delayed onset muscle soreness: 24-48 hours after workout

99
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of tendon and synovial sheath

100
Q

Tendonosis

A

Breakdown of tendon without inflammation

101
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of tendon, Achilles’ tendon

102
Q

Contusions

A

Bruise

103
Q

Synovial joint

A

Joint surrounded by joint capsule lined with synovial membrane

104
Q

Ligament Spains

A

Grade 1: fibers stretch, no laxity
Grade 2: some tearing of fibers, laxity with an endpoint
Grade 3: total tear, laxity with no endpoint

105
Q

Diastasis

A

Separation of articulating bones

106
Q

Dislocation

A

Bone is forced out of alignment, stays out

107
Q

Subluxation

A

Bone is forced out of alignment but then snaps back

108
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursae between muscle and tendon. Bursae have synovial fluid, too much fluid produced by trauma

109
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Wearing of hyaline cartilage

110
Q

Osteoarthritis s/s

A

Pain, stiffness, tenderness, creaking, prominent In morning, grating that can be heard or felt

111
Q

Bone functions

A
  • body support
  • protect organs
  • calcium storage
  • formation of blood cells
  • movement
112
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone producing cells

113
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone remodeling cells

114
Q

Closed fracture

A

Little or no displacement

115
Q

Open fracture

A

Bone breaks through tissue

116
Q

Traverse bone fracture

A

Horizontal

117
Q

Linear bone fracture

A

Vertical

118
Q

Nondisplacd bone fracture

A

Diagonal

119
Q

Displaced/compound fracture

A

Broken

120
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Spiral

121
Q

Green stick

A

Chipped in one side, then breaks

122
Q

Comminuted

A

multiple fractures

123
Q

Stress fracture causes

A
  • over training
  • going back too soon
  • starting training too quickly
  • changing habits of environment.
124
Q

S/s of stress fracture

A

Swelling, tender, pain

125
Q

Neuropraxia

A

Interruption of impulse down fiber, bought about by compression very mild

126
Q

Neuritis

A

Inflammation of nerve

127
Q

RICE

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

128
Q

MOI

A

Mechanism of injury

129
Q

Pathology

A

Structural and functional Change caused by injury

130
Q

Soap vs. hops

A

Hops: injury evaluation
Soap: documentation

Sports Medicine (2 decks)

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