Test 3 Flashcards
long term outcomes of alcohol consumption
health problems: liver failure, alcohol dependence, heart disease
short term outcomes of alcohol consumption
impairment problems such as mental impairment and physical impairment
define standard drink
what your body can metabolize in one hour.
contains .5 ounces of pure alcohol
examples of standard drinks
12 oz. of beer, 4 oz. of wine, 1.5 oz. of liquor (80 proof)
define non-standard drink
an alcoholic beverage that surpasses the standard amount of alcohol your body can metabolize in one hour, or is immeasurable
examples of non-standard drink
jungle juice, full solo cup of beer or wine, mixed drink, malt liquor
low risk drinking behavior guidelines
no more than 1 drink per hour
no more than 2 drinks per day
no more than 3 drinks on an occasion (does not exceed 3 drinks in a day)
total number of drinks does not exceed 14 per week
define high risk drinking
any drinking behaviors that surpass the low-risk guidelines listed
choice vs. biology
choice: power to control, modifiable
biology: can’t control, non-modifiable
define tolerance
tolerance is the measure of impairment when someone uses alcohol. impairment is how the brain is affected by alcohol and the ability for the brain to react and think. impairments are mental and physical
initial tolerance is set by _______.
biology
trigger level is ____ and set by ____.
predetermined, biology
does trigger level change with alcohol consumption?
no
what is an example of a factor that influences trigger level?
family history, alcohol dependence
trigger level is a ____ risk.
biological, they have complete control over the choices they make
define stress
stress is the collective physiological and emotional response to any stimulus that disturbs an individuals homeostasis
define stressor
any physical or psychological event or condition that produces a stress
define stress response
the physiological changes associated with stress
examples of environmental stress
hot, cold, crowding, noise
examples of physiological stress
physical activity, drugs, injury, illness
examples of emotional stress
life-changing events, family illness, problems at work, increased responsibility
examples of college specific
social, financial, academic
examples of responses to physiological stress
HR, BP, respiration, illness, headaches, injury, GI problems
examples of responses to cognitive stress
decrease in concentration, attention span, and memory
examples of responses to emotional stress
anxiety, depression, irritability, fatigue, impulsiveness
the nervous system consists of the ___, ____, and ______.
brain, spinal cord and nerves
define the automatic nervous system
the branch of the nervous system that contains the basic body process, both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
define the sympathetic division
the division of the automatic nervous system that reacts to danger or other challenges by accelerating body processes
neurotransmitters- norepinephrine
define the parasympathetic division
the division of the automatic nervous system that moderates the excitatory effect of the sympathetic division by slowing things down
what two systems control the stress response?
nervous system and the endocrine system
define the endocrine system
it consists of glands, tissue, and cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream and influences metabolism and body processess
what are the key chemical messengers or hormones involved in the endocrine system?
norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and endorphins
define norepinephrine
a neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic division to increase body functions, increases attention, awareness, and alertness