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Phonetics > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a VOWEL

A

Speech sounds formed without significant constriction of oral/pharyngeal cavities

serves as a syllable nucleus

There are more vowel sounds than a, e, i, o, u symbols that we are use to. see list 14 pg 54 smalls book.

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2
Q

What is a MONOPTHONGS

A

Pure vowel

single unchanging sound quality

Most English vowels are these.

One primary position in the vocal tract.

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3
Q

What is a DIPHTHONGS

A

Gradual change in articulation

Complex dynamic sound quality

Two distinct articulatory positions

Two vowels comprising one phoneme
see list page 57

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4
Q

What are “R-Colored Vowels”

A

Speech sound consisting of two elements

exp: vowel + /r/ ( /ir, er, ur, cr, and ar/) hear, ear, before, really

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5
Q

4 Main Characteristics that Classify Vowels

A

Tongue Height

Tongue Advancement

Lip Rounding

Tense or Lax

The Vowel Quadrilateral

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6
Q

What is Tongue Height

A

Vowel Phonemes are categorized in relation to the position of the body of the tongue in the mouth during production.

How high or low in oral cavity during production

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7
Q

What is Tongue Advancement

A

How far forward or back in the mouth the tongue is during production.

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8
Q

What is Lip Rounding

A

Relates to lips protrusion or retraction during speech production.

Compare “moon” to “mean”

In English most “back” vowels are rounded, while the “front” vowels are retracted.

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9
Q

Draw and fill the vowel quadrilateral

A

see page 55 and 57

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10
Q

What is Tense

A

Tense vowels are usually longer in duration and require more

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11
Q

What is LAX

A

Vowels never end a stressed open syllable—-you would end up with NONSENSE! ( examples say the word him and leave off the m or had and look)

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12
Q

The Vowel Quadrilateral

A

Space represents an approximation of the oral cavity

A Schematic of the oral cavity
Helps to explain tongue height and advancement

Tongue height: high, mid, low

Tongue advancement: front, central, back

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13
Q

Articulatory Characteristics

A

Front Vowel Series, Back Vowel Series, Central Vowel Series

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14
Q

Articulation Vowel Quad

A

Draw

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15
Q

Transcribe all the vowels in multi-syllable words

A

see smalls book

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16
Q

What are the Manner (6)

A

Stops,

Nasals,

Fricatives,

Affricates,

Approximate consonants Liquids,

Approximate consonants Glides

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17
Q

What is Stops

A

Formed by a complete closure of the vocal tract

Airflow is temporarily blocked

Air pressure builds up behind the pint of closure

Release produces a stop burst or plosive Velopharynx is closed in order for oral pressure to build

Closing and opening movements are the fastest movement in speech

see page 125

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18
Q

Define Nasal

A

Complete oral closure

Open Velopharynx so voicing energy travels through nose

Two Nasals /m/ man; /n/ no;

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19
Q

Define Fricatives

A

A sound produced with a narrow constriction through which air escapes with a continuous noise

Articulators form the narrow constriction and air pressure builds up behind the constriction

Velopharynx is closed

Nine Fricative Consonants
/f/ fan
/v/ van
/s/ sun
/z/ zip
/c/ ship
/x/ pleasure
/'/ thin
/;/ this
/h/ hat
20
Q

Define Affricates

A

Combination of stop closure and fricative
Two Affricates
/,/ chin
/j/ june

21
Q

Define Approximate Consonants Liquids

A

Vowel like consonant with voicing energy constricted only slightly more than vowels
Alveolar /i/ liquids produced with mid-line closure and lateral opening for sound
Palatal /r/ liquids produced two primary ways
(a) tongue tip curled and held up
(b) tongue base bunched up against palate/velum
Two liquids /l/ like /r/ red

22
Q

Define Approximate Consonants Glides

A

Semivowels

Constriction of the vocal tract
narrower that for vowels

Gliding motion from constricted to open

Always prevocalic

/w/ close to position for /u/
/y/ close to position for /i/
Two Glides /w/ wise; /y/ yes

23
Q

What is the Place of Articulation

A

Bilabials,

Labiodentals,

Lingua Dentals,

Lingua Alveolars,

Linqua palatal,

Velars, Glottal

24
Q

Bilabials

A

/p/ pop, /b/ bop, /m/ man /w/ wise

25
Q

Labiodentals

A

/f/ fan; /v/ van

26
Q

Lingua-Dentals

A

/;/ thin /;/ this

27
Q

Linqua-Alveolars

A

/t/ top /d/ dip /s/ sun /z/ zip /n/ no /l/ like

28
Q

Lingua-Palatal

A

/c/ ship, /x/ pleasure, /r/ red /y/ yes /,/ chin /y/ june

29
Q

Velars

A

/k/ keep /g/ go /a/ ring

30
Q

Glottal

A

/=/ - owl Hawa ii /h/ hat

31
Q

Voicing

A

Refers to the vocal folds are vibrating during the production of a particular consonant.

32
Q

Cognates

A

Are phonemes that differ only in voicing /s/, /z/, /k/, /g/, /f/ /v/, /p/ /b/

33
Q

Tongue begins at appropriate production place for first element and then moves to second element in a continuous holding motion. First element is called?, second element is called ?

A

ONGLIDE, OFFGLIDE

34
Q

Offglides are always one of two vowels, what are they?

A

/i/—oo, /au/–oy

35
Q

Is the tongue a primary articulator?

A

Yes

36
Q

Tongue attached by muscles to _______, so changes in_____ ______ are also linked to vowel production

A

Mandible, jaw position

37
Q

As the tongue changes position to produce individual vowels, does the size and shape of the pharynx also change correspondingly?

A

Yes

38
Q

Are consonants constrictive or non-constrictive ?

A

Constrictive air flow

39
Q

What are the 5 vowel classifications?

A 
Tongue height, 
tongue advancement, 
lip rounding, 
tense or lax, 
the vowel quadrilateral
40
Q

Tongue height, what is it?

A

How high or low in oral cavity during production

41
Q

Tongue height—–
Are vowel phonemes categorized in relation to the position of the body of the tongue in the mouth during production?

A

Yes

42
Q

Lip rounding, what is this?

A

Relates to wether or not the lips are rounded or unrounded during the production

43
Q

What’s another word used for rounded?

A

Protruded

44
Q

What’s another word used for unrounded?

A

Retracted

45
Q

Can vowels be classified as rounded or unrounded in production?

A

Yes

46
Q

Tense or lax

Are tense vowels usually more longer in duration and require more muscle effort?

A

Yes

47
Q

Tense vowels are capable of ending stressed open_______ and also in stressed ______

A

Syllables, syllables

Ex ample open syllable :he, too, first syllable in “purchase”

Example closed syllable: Heat, boot

Phonetics (2 decks)

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