Test 3 Flashcards
What is a VOWEL
Speech sounds formed without significant constriction of oral/pharyngeal cavities
serves as a syllable nucleus
There are more vowel sounds than a, e, i, o, u symbols that we are use to. see list 14 pg 54 smalls book.
What is a MONOPTHONGS
Pure vowel
single unchanging sound quality
Most English vowels are these.
One primary position in the vocal tract.
What is a DIPHTHONGS
Gradual change in articulation
Complex dynamic sound quality
Two distinct articulatory positions
Two vowels comprising one phoneme
see list page 57
What are “R-Colored Vowels”
Speech sound consisting of two elements
exp: vowel + /r/ ( /ir, er, ur, cr, and ar/) hear, ear, before, really
4 Main Characteristics that Classify Vowels
Tongue Height
Tongue Advancement
Lip Rounding
Tense or Lax
The Vowel Quadrilateral
What is Tongue Height
Vowel Phonemes are categorized in relation to the position of the body of the tongue in the mouth during production.
How high or low in oral cavity during production
What is Tongue Advancement
How far forward or back in the mouth the tongue is during production.
What is Lip Rounding
Relates to lips protrusion or retraction during speech production.
Compare “moon” to “mean”
In English most “back” vowels are rounded, while the “front” vowels are retracted.
Draw and fill the vowel quadrilateral
see page 55 and 57
What is Tense
Tense vowels are usually longer in duration and require more
What is LAX
Vowels never end a stressed open syllable—-you would end up with NONSENSE! ( examples say the word him and leave off the m or had and look)
The Vowel Quadrilateral
Space represents an approximation of the oral cavity
A Schematic of the oral cavity
Helps to explain tongue height and advancement
Tongue height: high, mid, low
Tongue advancement: front, central, back
Articulatory Characteristics
Front Vowel Series, Back Vowel Series, Central Vowel Series
Articulation Vowel Quad
Draw
Transcribe all the vowels in multi-syllable words
see smalls book
What are the Manner (6)
Stops,
Nasals,
Fricatives,
Affricates,
Approximate consonants Liquids,
Approximate consonants Glides
What is Stops
Formed by a complete closure of the vocal tract
Airflow is temporarily blocked
Air pressure builds up behind the pint of closure
Release produces a stop burst or plosive Velopharynx is closed in order for oral pressure to build
Closing and opening movements are the fastest movement in speech
see page 125
Define Nasal
Complete oral closure
Open Velopharynx so voicing energy travels through nose
Two Nasals /m/ man; /n/ no;
Define Fricatives
A sound produced with a narrow constriction through which air escapes with a continuous noise
Articulators form the narrow constriction and air pressure builds up behind the constriction
Velopharynx is closed
Nine Fricative Consonants /f/ fan /v/ van /s/ sun /z/ zip /c/ ship /x/ pleasure /'/ thin /;/ this /h/ hat
Define Affricates
Combination of stop closure and fricative
Two Affricates
/,/ chin
/j/ june
Define Approximate Consonants Liquids
Vowel like consonant with voicing energy constricted only slightly more than vowels
Alveolar /i/ liquids produced with mid-line closure and lateral opening for sound
Palatal /r/ liquids produced two primary ways
(a) tongue tip curled and held up
(b) tongue base bunched up against palate/velum
Two liquids /l/ like /r/ red
Define Approximate Consonants Glides
Semivowels
Constriction of the vocal tract
narrower that for vowels
Gliding motion from constricted to open
Always prevocalic
/w/ close to position for /u/
/y/ close to position for /i/
Two Glides /w/ wise; /y/ yes
What is the Place of Articulation
Bilabials,
Labiodentals,
Lingua Dentals,
Lingua Alveolars,
Linqua palatal,
Velars, Glottal
Bilabials
/p/ pop, /b/ bop, /m/ man /w/ wise
