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Biomaterials > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

State and describe a technique to measure thermal properties of polymers?

A

Thermogravimetry-Technique based on the monitoring and recording of the changes in weight of a sample as it undergoes controlled thermal degradation, with varying temperature or time.

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2
Q

what is the sequence of host reactions following implantation of medical devices?

A

Injury
• Blood-material interactions
• Provisional matrix formation
• Acute inflammation
• Chronic inflammation
• Granulation tissue
• Foreign-body reaction
• Fibrous capsule development

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3
Q

what is resolution?

A

Presence of implant prevents attainment of original condition but a steady state can be attained which is termed as resolution

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4
Q

what is the objective of blood clotting?

A

objective is to form a patch that isolates the leak and stops blood loss

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5
Q

what is the difference between immunity and allergy?

A

Immunity is the property of being secure or nonsusceptible to the adverse effects of foreign agents

Allergy is the property of being especially sensitive (or hypersensitive) to foreign agents

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6
Q

name 3 cells that actively take part in the sequence of local events following implantation

A
  • granulocytes
  • leukocyte
  • macrophage
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7
Q

what are granulocytes

A

any blood cell containing specific granules

Examples: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

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8
Q

give 2 characteristics of platelets

A

“little plates” non nucleated, disc shaped

produced in bone marrow

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9
Q

what is a leukocyte?

A

a colorless (white) blood cell capable of ameboid movement

(e.g. lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes)

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10
Q

Fibrinolytic system removes unwanted ______ deposits to improve blood flow and facilitate healing process

A

Fibrinolytic system removes unwanted fibrin deposits to improve blood flow and facilitate healing process

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11
Q

______ is the first in the sequence of host reaction following implantation of medical devices

A

**Injury **is the first….

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12
Q

what is body’s response to damaged blood vessels

A

blood coagulation or clotting

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13
Q

what is tumorigenesis

A

tumor formation around implanted devices

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14
Q

Differentiate between benign and malignant tumors

A

Benign- do not invade adjacent tumors nor do they metastasize

**malignant- **tend to invade to adjacent tissues

metastasize via blood and lymph vessels

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15
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

produces most of the cells ATP

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16
Q

the DNA is contained within the __________

A

nucleus

17
Q

what is the extracellular matrix (ECM) and what are the componets?

A 
Interconnected network of macromolecules present between cells 
• Composed of large number of proteins and polysaccharides
 • ECM exerts control over many cellular fate processes through binding to class of receptors.
 • For eg cell migration, adhesion, cell shape varies with ECM density

components

Collagen
• Elastin
• Proteoglycans
• Glycoproteins

18
Q

what are the types of cell junctions?

A

Tight Junctions: Form when adjacent cell membranes adhere to each other, preventing even small molecules from passing between cells
• Gap Junctions: Small hydrophilic channels created by a plaque like structure that connects two different cell membranes
• desmosomes : mechanical attachment of two cells, either in broad bands (belt desmosomes) or is specific spots (spot desmosomes)

19
Q

what are the 4 cell adaptive responses?

A
20
Q

name componets of ECM

A

Collagen
• Elastin
• Proteoglycans
• Glycoproteins
• Other ECM Components

21
Q

the two methods of cell death are _____ and ________

A

necrosis

apoptosis

22
Q

what are gap junctions?

A

Gap Junctions: Small hydrophilic channels created by a plaque like structure that connects two different cell membranes

23
Q

what are the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

24
Q

name 3 structures inside the cell

A

ribosome

lysosome

mitochondria

25
Q

What is gel permeation chromatography

A

an extremely powerful method for determining molecular weight distribution of a polymer

26
Q

what principle is thermogravimetry analysis based on?

A

Technique based on the monitoring and recording of the changes in weight of a sample as it undergoes controlled thermal degradation, with varying temperature or time.

27
Q

state 3 advantages of SIMS vs EXPS for surface analysis

A
  1. high sensitivity
  2. more sensative to top surface
  3. aplicable to any solid
28
Q

what is contact angle measurement?

A

liquid wetting of surfaces is used to estimate the energy of surfaces

29
Q

what does in-vitro and in-vivo mean

A

in-vitro: cell cultures in glass

in-vivo: animal experiments

30
Q

state 2 techniques for image analysis and describe the information obtained by each of this technique

A

scanning electron microscopy (SEM): The electrons interact with the atoms that make up the sample producing signals that contain information about the sample’s surface topography, composition, and other properties such as electrical conductivity.”

Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; the image is magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, on a layer of photographic film, or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera.

31
Q

what is GPC and what information does it provide?

A

gel permeation chromatography

an extremely powerful method for determining molecular weight distrubution of a polymer

32
Q

what is XRD and what information does this technique provide

A

x-ray difraction

X-Rays to Determine Crystal Structure

Biomaterials (4 decks)

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